docker 常用命令总结及其解析

1. 启动docker服务

[[email protected] src]# service docker start
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start docker.service
[[email protected] src]#

表示docker服务已经启动

2. 拉取镜像:

# 默认拉取镜像的命令格式
[[email protected] ~]# docker pull hello-world
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/hello-world ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:92695bc579f31df7a63da6922075d0666e565ceccad16b59c3374d2cf4e8e50e
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/hello-world:latest

# 从 国内站c.163.com 拉取nginx镜像, 当然, 使用第一种方式也OK
[[email protected] ~]# docker pull hub.c.163.com/library/nginx
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository hub.c.163.com/library/nginx ... 
latest: Pulling from hub.c.163.com/library/nginx
5de4b4d551f8: Pull complete 
d4b36a5e9443: Pull complete 
0af1f0713557: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f84932f738583e0169f94af9b2d5201be2dbacc1578de73b09a6dfaaa07801d6
Status: Downloaded newer image for hub.c.163.com/library/nginx:latest
[[email protected] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        4 months ago        1.84 kB
hub.c.163.com/library/nginx   latest              46102226f2fd        2 years ago         109 MB
[[email protected] ~]# 

2. 使用docker运行镜像

• 运行起来的镜像可以认为是容器

# 在docker下使用ubuntu运行echo命令并输出, 这条命令也做了pull的事情, 
[[email protected] src]# docker run ubuntu echo hello world
Unable to find image 'ubuntu:latest' locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/ubuntu ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/ubuntu
898c46f3b1a1: Pull complete 
63366dfa0a50: Pull complete 
041d4cd74a92: Pull complete 
6e1bee0f8701: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:017eef0b616011647b269b5c65826e2e2ebddbe5d1f8c1e56b3599fb14fabec8
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/ubuntu:latest
hello world

# docker 下运行nginx
[[email protected] src]# docker run nginx
Unable to find image 'nginx:latest' locally
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ... 
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx
27833a3ba0a5: Pull complete 
ea005e36e544: Pull complete 
d172c7f0578d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e71b1bf4281f25533cf15e6e5f9be4dac74d2328152edf7ecde23abc54e16c1c
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:latest
[[email protected] src]# docker images
REPOSITORY                    TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
docker.io/nginx               latest              27a188018e18        2 weeks ago         109 MB
docker.io/hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        4 months ago        1.84 kB
hub.c.163.com/library/nginx   latest              46102226f2fd        2 years ago         109 MB
# 注意: 现在有两个nginx, 因为下载源不一致导致的, 默认使用的docker.io下载的
# docker下再次运行nginx, 并将nginx的80端口映射为本地8080端口, 返回containerID
[[email protected] src]# docker run -p 8080:80 -d docker.io/nginx
738a4e2eee94b66f13d3d6cf1095b418f4148e904a482335f4a38c5b6a1b444b

# docker下正在运行的进程
[[email protected] src]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
738a4e2eee94        docker.io/nginx     "nginx -g 'daemon ..."   6 minutes ago       Up 6 minutes        0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   hungry_kirch

# 进入正在运行的容器中,并执行一些命令, 看起来像是进入了一个新的虚拟机中, 常用的shell命令都可以使用
[[email protected] ~]# docker exec -it 738a4e2eee94 bash
[email protected]:/# pwd
/
[email protected]:/# ls
bin  boot  dev	etc  home  lib	lib64  media  mnt  opt	proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[email protected]:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
# 退出 容器编辑命令行
[email protected]:/# exit
exit
# 检查主机的8080端口
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -na | grep 8080    
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN 
# 停止某个正在运行的容器
[[email protected] ~]# docker stop 738a4e2eee94

在浏览器中输入服务器地址:8080, 看是否可以看到nginx的欢迎页面.

# 以下为测试docker中的nginx是否已经启动
[[email protected] src]# cd /home/
[[email protected] home]# vim index.html
# 复制index.html 到docker中的nginx中的,以修改nginx的欢迎页面内容
[[email protected] home]# docker cp index.html 738a4e2eee94://usr/share/nginx/html

# 将复制后的index.html提交到image中
[[email protected] home]# docker commit -m 'fun' 738a4e2eee94 nginx-fun
sha256:13164158f600ff6630ea6cc330390acf3782ee594c861920094f0ba1c94574c3

# 下面的nginx-fun即是新生成的image
[[email protected] home]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
nginx-fun           latest              13164158f600        10 seconds ago      109 MB
docker.io/nginx     latest              27a188018e18        7 days ago          109 MB
docker.io/ubuntu    latest              94e814e2efa8        6 weeks ago         88.9 MB

# 删除imageID=13164158f600的image
[[email protected] home]# docker rmi 13164158f600

• 本地没有ubuntu和nginximage, 结果就自动从远程pull最新的
  命令小结

命令	用途	类比
docker pull	获取image	git pull
docker build	创建 image	git add
docker images	列出所有的image	–
docker run	运行 container	shell中的service start
docker ps	列出运行中的container	shell中的ps
docker rm	删除container	shell中的rm
docker rmi	删除image	–
docker cp	在host和container之间拷贝文件	shell中的cp
docker commit	保存改动为新的image	git commit