使用vagrant和virtualbox虚拟环境

软件安装

安装vagrant，安装virtualbox
安装步骤省略

使用方法

• 新建文件夹vagrant, 进入该文件夹

mkdir vagrant

• 下载.box系统的镜像文件

获取镜像文件地址：[http://www.vagrantbox.es/]

两种方式：
1.从url直接添加

vagrant box add {name} {镜像url}

2.下载后添加

vagrant box add {name} {下载好的本地box路径}

例：我新建了box文件夹，用下载的方式将.box文件放到了box文件夹下.

下载速度慢可以转到清华的源上，本次用到的.box下载路径：
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-cloud-images/bionic/current/bionic-server-cloudimg-amd64-vagrant.box

E:\vagrant\box\{name}.box

并执行添加命令：

vagrant box add {myname} {E:\vagrant\box\{name}.box}

• 列出添加后的box列表

vagrant box list

• 初始化box

vagrant init {myname}

• 启动box

vagrant up --provider=virtualbox

启动box如果报以下错误

E:\vagrant\box>vagrant up --provider=virtualbox
The provider 'virtualbox' that was requested to back the machine
'default' is reporting that it isn't usable on this system. The
reason is shown below:

Vagrant has detected that you have a version of VirtualBox installed
that is not supported by this version of Vagrant. Please install one of
the supported versions listed below to use Vagrant:

4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.0, 5.1

A Vagrant update may also be available that adds support for the version
you specified. Please check www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html to download
the latest version.

是因为vagrant和virtualbox版本不匹配导致。

解决办法参考次大神博客，亲测有效：
https://www.cnblogs.com/chen-785/p/12881625.html

解决完成后能够正常启动：

E:\vagrant\box>vagrant up --provider=virtualbox
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Importing base box 'ubuntu'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: box_default_1591669991423_51699
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default:
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default:
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: The guest additions on this VM do not match the installed version of
    default: VirtualBox! In most cases this is fine, but in rare cases it can
    default: prevent things such as shared folders from working properly. If you see
    default: shared folder errors, please make sure the guest additions within the
    default: virtual machine match the version of VirtualBox you have installed on
    default: your host and reload your VM.
    default:
    default: Guest Additions Version: 4.3.28
    default: VirtualBox Version: 6.0
==> default: Mounting shared folders...
    default: /vagrant => E:/vagrant/box

然后可以看到virtualbox里已经添加成功正在运行。

启动连接窗口后输入默认用户名密码：
用户名 : vagrant , 登录密码 : vagrant