Spring Boot |使用IDEA搭建第一个Spring Boot程序
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2024-03-13 12:32:03
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第一个Spring Boot实现的功能：
浏览器发送hello请求，服务器接收请求并处理，响应"HelloWorld!"字符串。
环境准备
| 工具 | 版本 |
|---|---|
| JDK | 1.8 |
| Apache Maven | 3.5.4 |
| IntelliJIDE | 2019-2 |
| SpringBoot | 1.5.4 |
第一步:创建一个Maven程序
IDEA整合Maven
创建Maven程序
第二步:导入SpringBoot相关依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.gql</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-01-helloworld</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
可以看到，此时已经自动导入了相关的jar包
第三步:编写主程序
- @SpringBootApplication： 是一个复合注解，使用该注解告诉Springboot启用自动配置和组件扫描功能。
- SpringApplication.run(HelloWorld.class, args); ：将Spring应用启动起来。
package com.gql;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
/**
* Class description:
* 主程序中启动SpringBoot
* @guoqianliang
*/
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HelloWorld.class, args);
}
}
第四步:编写Controller
- @RequestMapping("/hello")：接收浏览器的hello请求。
- @ResponseBody：将"Hello World!"写给浏览器
package com.gql.Controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
/**
* Class description:
* Controller控制器
* @guoqianliang
*/
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello() {
return "Hello World!";
}
}
第五步:将程序跑起来
主程序运行Main方法后直接在浏览器访问(Springboot内置了tomcat容器)：
项目工程结构如下:
第六步:简化部署
在pom中添加pom插件后，在Maven选项卡中双击package即可一键打包成jar，在dos中可以直接java -jar进行执行。
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
可以在控制台找到文件打包后放置的位置：
[INFO] Building jar: D:\Program Files\JAVA\workspace_idea\springboot01helloworld\target\springboot-01-helloworld-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
也可以在IDEA中直接看到自动生成的jar包
将此jar包copy到桌面，运行dos命令，执行jar包：
- java -jar springboot-01-helloworld-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.18363.720]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
C:\Users\Hudie>C:\Users\Hudie\Desktop
'C:\Users\Hudie\Desktop' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序
或批处理文件。
C:\Users\Hudie>cd C:\Users\Hudie\Desktop
C:\Users\Hudie\Desktop>java -jar springboot-01-helloworld-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v1.5.4.RELEASE)
2020-03-21 12:10:53.952 INFO 12048 --- [ main] com.gql.HelloWorld : Starting HelloWorld v1.0-SNAPSHOT on LAPTOP-EPI7POB8 with PID 12048 (C:\Users\Hudie\Desktop\springboot-01-helloworld-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar started by Hudie in C:\Users\Hudie\Desktop)
2020-03-21 12:10:53.956 INFO 12048 --- [ main] com.gql.HelloWorld : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2020-03-21 12:10:54.023 INFO 12048 --- [ main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@30946e09: startup date [Sat Mar 21 12:10:54 CST 2020]; root of context hierarchy
2020-03-21 12:10:55.958 INFO 12048 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2020-03-21 12:10:56.006 INFO 12048 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
2020-03-21 12:10:56.011 INFO 12048 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.15
2020-03-21 12:10:56.271 INFO 12048 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2020-03-21 12:10:56.271 INFO 12048 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2250 ms
2020-03-21 12:10:56.514 INFO 12048 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2020-03-21 12:10:56.522 INFO 12048 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2020-03-21 12:10:56.523 INFO 12048 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2020-03-21 12:10:56.523 INFO 12048 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2020-03-21 12:10:56.523 INFO 12048 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2020-03-21 12:10:57.084 INFO 12048 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.bootaaa@qq.com30946e09: startup date [Sat Mar 21 12:10:54 CST 2020]; root of context hierarchy
2020-03-21 12:10:57.200 INFO 12048 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/hello]}" onto public java.lang.String com.gql.Controller.HelloController.hello()
2020-03-21 12:10:57.206 INFO 12048 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2020-03-21 12:10:57.206 INFO 12048 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2020-03-21 12:10:57.240 INFO 12048 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2020-03-21 12:10:57.240 INFO 12048 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2020-03-21 12:10:57.292 INFO 12048 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2020-03-21 12:10:57.518 INFO 12048 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2020-03-21 12:10:57.631 INFO 12048 --- [ main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2020-03-21 12:10:57.637 INFO 12048 --- [ main] com.gql.HelloWorld : Started HelloWorld in 4.025 seconds (JVM running for 4.416)
2020-03-21 12:11:06.815 INFO 12048 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2020-03-21 12:11:06.815 INFO 12048 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2020-03-21 12:11:06.837 INFO 12048 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 20 ms
此时项目就启动了，可以在浏览器直接访问了。