Java的Hibernate框架中复合主键映射的创建和使用教程
复合主键映射需要在映射配置文件中使用<composite-id>标签,该标签是指将一个类指定为相应的复合主键,它的name属性需要指定类文件中定义的属性值,并在该标签中添加<key-property>子标签。
note:想要使用复合映射必须要将复合主键放到一个类中,也就是讲复合主键属性和其它属性分到两个类中,并将复合主键的类实现接口serializable,该接口隶属于java.io。
复合主键的映射关系的主键是由多个列复合而成的,对应到数据表中相当的简单,如下图:
1、类文件
这里就拿上图的表来作为示例,在表中有两个字段年限和持续时间组合成为表的主键,所以分成的新类分别命名为fiscalyearperiod和fiscalyearperiodpk,其中fiscalyearperiodpk类封装表的主键属性,fiscalyearperiod类封装其它属性以及fiscalyearperiodpk类。
1.1 fiscalyearperiod.java
类中封装有基本的属性,并把fiscalyearperiodpk类作为属性封装到类中,并在配置文件中配置相应的映射,如下代码:
package com.src.hibernate; import java.sql.date; public class fiscalyearperiod { //时间主键 private fiscalyearperiodpk fiscalyearperiodpk; public fiscalyearperiodpk getfiscalyearperiodpk() { return fiscalyearperiodpk; } public void setfiscalyearperiodpk(fiscalyearperiodpk fiscalyearperiodpk) { this.fiscalyearperiodpk = fiscalyearperiodpk; } //开始日期 private date begindate; public date getbegindate() { return begindate; } public void setbegindate(date begindate) { this.begindate = begindate; } //结束日期 private date enddate; public date getenddate() { return enddate; } public void setenddate(date enddate) { this.enddate = enddate; } //阶段时间 private string periodsts; public string getperiodsts() { return periodsts; } public void setperiodsts(string periodsts) { this.periodsts = periodsts; } }
1.2 fiscalyearperiodpk.java
封装主键属性,该类是从fiscalyearperiod类中分离出来的,包含了基本的主键属性,并且需要实现接口serializable,该类是要映射到配置文件中<composite-id>标签中要指定该类,代码如下:
package com.src.hibernate; import java.io.serializable; public class fiscalyearperiodpk implements serializable { //年限 private int fiscalyear; public int getfiscalyear() { return fiscalyear; } public void setfiscalyear(int fiscalyear) { this.fiscalyear = fiscalyear; } //持续时间 private int fiscalperiod; public int getfiscalperiod() { return fiscalperiod; } public void setfiscalperiod(int fiscalperiod) { this.fiscalperiod = fiscalperiod; } }
2、配置文件
这里有个疑问两个类都是哪个需要添加映射文件?因为会使用<composite-id>标签,所以只需要为fiscalyearperiod类添加映射即可,在该映射文件中添加对应复合主键标签,并在标签中添加对应的主键属性,如下代码:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!doctype hibernate-mapping public "-//hibernate/hibernate mapping dtd 3.0//en" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.src.hibernate.fiscalyearperiod" table="t_fiscal_year_period_pk"> <composite-id name="fiscalyearperiodpk"> <key-property name="fiscalyear"></key-property> <key-property name="fiscalperiod"></key-property> </composite-id> <property name="begindate" type="date"/> <property name="enddate" type="date"/> <property name="periodsts"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
将上面的文件生成对应的数据库表,生成的sql语句如下:
drop table if exists t_fiscal_year_period_pk create table t_fiscal_year_period_pk (fiscalyear integer not null, fiscalperiod integer not null, begindate date, enddate date, periodsts varchar(255), primary key (fiscalyear, fiscalperiod))
对应的表结构如下图:
3、数据操作
相应的映射文件配置好后,相应的数据操作就变得很简单了,首先从写入数据开始,向数据库中写入数据时会同时把两个类写入到数据库中,所以此时这两个类都必须转化为transient状态,所以在保存时需要首先将fiscalyearperiod对象首先保存到数据库中,然后它会自动关联复合属性,将信息保存到数据库中。
3.1 写入操作
写入的操作方法和以前的写入方法相同,需要定义两个对象,然后保存相应的对象信息到数据库中,代码如下:
public void testsave1(){ //声明会话对象 session session=null; try{ //获取会话对象 session=hibernateutils.getsession(); //开启会话 session.begintransaction(); //创建复合对象 fiscalyearperiodpk fiscalyearperiodpk=new fiscalyearperiodpk(); fiscalyearperiodpk.setfiscalperiod(2014); fiscalyearperiodpk.setfiscalyear(2012); //创建对象 fiscalyearperiod fiscalyearperiod=new fiscalyearperiod(); fiscalyearperiod.setfiscalyearperiodpk(fiscalyearperiodpk); session.save(fiscalyearperiod); //提交会话 session.gettransaction().commit(); }catch(exception e){ e.printstacktrace(); session.gettransaction().rollback(); }finally{ hibernateutils.closesession(session); } }
执行相应的测试方法,生成的sql语句如下:
hibernate: insert into t_fiscal_year_period_pk (begindate, enddate, periodsts, fiscalyear, fiscalperiod) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
相应的数据库视图:
3.2 加载操作
相应的加载方法会和以前不同,因为在该表中主键是复合属性,所以需要创建一个类。在加载数据时需要创建主键对象,此时的主键就是一个对象,更需要为对象的属性赋值,这样才能获取对象,代码如下:
public void testload1(){ //声明会话对象 session session=null; try{ //获取会话对象 session=hibernateutils.getsession(); //开启会话 session.begintransaction(); //创建复合对象 fiscalyearperiodpk fiscalyearperiodpk=new fiscalyearperiodpk(); fiscalyearperiodpk.setfiscalperiod(2014); fiscalyearperiodpk.setfiscalyear(2012); fiscalyearperiod fiscalyearperiod=(fiscalyearperiod)session.load(fiscalyearperiod.class,fiscalyearperiodpk); system.out.println("开始日期: "+fiscalyearperiod.getbegindate()); //提交会话 session.gettransaction().commit(); }catch(exception e){ e.printstacktrace(); session.gettransaction().rollback(); }finally{ hibernateutils.closesession(session); } }
生成的结果,如下:
hibernate: select fiscalyear0_.fiscalyear as fiscalyear0_0_, fiscalyear0_.fiscalperiod as fiscalpe2_0_0_, fiscalyear0_.begindate as begindate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.enddate as enddate0_0_, fiscalyear0_.periodsts as periodsts0_0_ from t_fiscal_year_period_pk fiscalyear0_ where fiscalyear0_.fiscalyear=? and fiscalyear0_.fiscalperiod=? 开始日期: 2013-10-12
4、综合示例
一个规模较大公司的部门表(hibernate_dept_compositepk),由所在区域(area),部门名(name),本部门人数(empcount),组建时间(birthday)等字段组成,我们使用所在区域和部门名做联合主键:
4.1 目标类:department.java
public class department { /** 把主键关联属性抽象出来单独写成一个类 */ //private string area; //private string name; /**把主键类对象作为成员变量*/ private departmentpk departmentpk; private int empcount; private date birthday; // public string getarea() { // return area; // } // // public void setarea(string area) { // this.area = area; // } // // public string getname() { // return name; // } // // public void setname(string name) { // this.name = name; // } public int getempcount() { return empcount; } public void setempcount(int empcount) { this.empcount = empcount; } public date getbirthday() { return birthday; } public void setbirthday(date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public departmentpk getdepartmentpk() { return departmentpk; } public void setdepartmentpk(departmentpk departmentpk) { this.departmentpk = departmentpk; } }
4.2主键类:departmentpk.java
public class departmentpk implements serializable { private static final long serialversionuid = -288002855915204255l; private string area; private string name; /** * 覆盖hashcode方法(根据area和name判断) */ //@override public int hashcode() { final int prime = 31; int result = 1; result = prime * result + ((area == null) ? 0 : area.hashcode()); result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashcode()); return result; } /** * 覆盖equals(根据area和name判断) */ @override public boolean equals(object obj) { if (this == obj) return true; if (obj == null) return false; if (getclass() != obj.getclass()) return false; final departmentpk other = (departmentpk) obj; if (area == null) { if (other.area != null) return false; } else if (!area.equals(other.area)) return false; if (name == null) { if (other.name != null) return false; } else if (!name.equals(other.name)) return false; return true; } public string getarea() { return area; } public void setarea(string area) { this.area = area; } public string getname() { return name; } public void setname(string name) { this.name = name; } }
4.3 映射文件department.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!doctype hibernate-mapping public "-//hibernate/hibernate mapping dtd 3.0//en" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping> <class name="com.yangfei.hibernate.compositepk.entity.department" table="hibernate_dept_compositepk"> <!-- 联合主键 --> <!-- name指的是主键对象属性 --> <composite-id name="departmentpk"> <!-- 这里是主键关联属性 --> <key-property name="area" /> <key-property name="name" /> </composite-id> <!-- 其它属性 --> <property name="empcount" length="4" /> <property name="birthday" type="date" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
4.4 hibernate配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!doctype hibernate-configuration public "-//hibernate/hibernate configuration dtd 3.0//en" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <!-- generated by myeclipse hibernate tools. --> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.oracle9dialect</property> <property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl10</property> <property name="connection.username">scott</property> <property name="connection.password">yf123</property> <property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.oracledriver</property> <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property> <mapping resource="com/yangfei/hibernate/compositepk/entity/department.hbm.xml"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
4.5测试类:departmenttest.java
public class departmenttest extends testcase { /** * 测试插入数据 */ public void save() { session session = hibernateutils.getsession(); transaction t = session.begintransaction(); try { department dept = new department(); /** 生成主键对象 */ departmentpk deptpk = new departmentpk(); deptpk.setarea("北京"); deptpk.setname("研发部"); dept.setdepartmentpk(deptpk); dept.setempcount(100); dept.setbirthday(new date()); session.save(dept); t.commit(); } catch (hibernateexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { hibernateutils.closesession(session); } } /** * 测试加载数据 */ public void load() { session session = hibernateutils.getsession(); transaction t = session.begintransaction(); try { /** 生成主键对象 */ departmentpk deptpk = new departmentpk(); deptpk.setarea("北京"); deptpk.setname("研发部"); department dept=(department)session.load(department.class, deptpk); system.out.println(dept.getdepartmentpk().getarea()+","+dept.getdepartmentpk().getname()+","+dept.getempcount()+","+dept.getbirthday()); } catch (hibernateexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { hibernateutils.closesession(session); } } /** * 测试修改数据 */ public void update() { session session = hibernateutils.getsession(); transaction t = session.begintransaction(); try { /** 生成主键对象 */ departmentpk deptpk = new departmentpk(); deptpk.setarea("北京"); deptpk.setname("研发部"); department emp=(department)session.load(department.class, deptpk); system.out.println(emp.getdepartmentpk().getarea()+","+emp.getdepartmentpk().getname()+","+emp.getempcount()+","+emp.getbirthday()); emp.setempcount(100); session.saveorupdate(emp); /** 生成主键对象 */ departmentpk deptpk2 = new departmentpk(); deptpk2.setarea("北京"); deptpk2.setname("研发部"); department dept=(department)session.load(department.class, deptpk2); system.out.println(dept.getdepartmentpk().getarea()+","+dept.getdepartmentpk().getname()+","+dept.getempcount()+","+dept.getbirthday()); t.commit(); } catch (hibernateexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { hibernateutils.closesession(session); } } /** * 测试删除数据 */ public void delete() { session session = hibernateutils.getsession(); transaction t = session.begintransaction(); try { /** 生成主键对象 */ departmentpk deptpk = new departmentpk(); deptpk.setarea("北京"); deptpk.setname("研发部"); department dept=(department)session.load(department.class, deptpk); session.delete(dept); t.commit(); } catch (hibernateexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); t.rollback(); } finally { hibernateutils.closesession(session); } } }