struts2.3.24+spring4.1.6+hibernate4.3.11+mysql5.5.25开发环境搭建图文教程
struts2.3.24 + spring4.1.6 + hibernate4.3.11+ mysql5.5.25开发环境搭建及相关说明。
一、目标
1、搭建传统的ssh开发环境,并成功运行(插入、查询)
2、了解c3p0连接池相关配置
3、了解验证hibernate的二级缓存,并验证
4、了解spring事物配置,并验证
5、了解spring的ioc(依赖注入),将struts2的action对象(bean)交给spring管理,自定义bean等...并验证
6、了解spring aop(面向切面编程),并编写自定义切面函数,验证结果
二、前期准备
开发环境:eclipse for java ee;mysql5.5.25;jdk1.7.0_79;navicat10.1.7(可选);
创建数据库demo:
/* navicat mysql data transfer source server : localhost_3306 source server version : 50519 source host : localhost:3306 source database : demo target server type : mysql target server version : 50519 file encoding : 65001 date: 2016-01-09 23:36:02 */ set foreign_key_checks=0; -- ---------------------------- -- table structure for `user` -- ---------------------------- drop table if exists `user`; create table `user` ( `id` bigint(20) not null auto_increment, `account` varchar(200) not null, `name` varchar(200) not null, `address` varchar(1000) not null, primary key (`id`) ) engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
新建web工程,目录结构如下:
jar包准备,放到web-inf的lib目录下(有兴趣的可以用maven管理过程,但是有时候下载jar包很慢...)
相关jar包都可以在下载下来的struts、spring、hibernate中找到,这里给个参考,有些是可以删除的,比如spring mvc部分的jar包:
三、配置web.xml
配置一个struts2的filter,映射所有*.action请求,由strutsprepareandexecutefilter对象来处理;
配置context-param参数,指定spring配置文件的路径,<context-param>中的参数可以用servletcontext.getinitparameter(“param-name”)来获取;
配置listener,主要是读取applicationcontext.xml配置文件信息,创建bean等初始化工作;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemalocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="webapp_id" version="3.0"> <display-name>ssh</display-name> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.strutsprepareandexecutefilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <context-param> <param-name>contextconfiglocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationcontext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.contextloaderlistener</listener-class> </listener> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
四、配置applicationcontext.xml
配置自动扫描ssh包下的@repostory,@service等注解,并生成对应的bean;
配置数据源(jdbc连接池为c3p0,可以参考c3p0的详细配置),连接池主要作用是快速提供connection,重复利用,不需要每次销毁创建,需配置用户名、密码、最大连接数、最小连接数、初始连接数等相关参数;
配置sessionfactory(可以参考hibernate的详细配置,这里配置开启二级缓存),主要作用是提供session,执行sql语句;这里我们将会通过hibernatetemplate来对数据库进行操作,方便spring进行实物控制;ps,hibernate配置中还要配置类与数据库表的映射;
配置事务管理器bean为hibernatetransactionmanager,并把成员属性sessionfactory初始化为之前配置的sessionfactory bean;
配置事务的传播特性,并配置一个切面引用它,对所有ssh.service包及子包下所有add、delete、update、save方法进行事务控制,还可以配置事务传播行为等参数;
最后是一个自定义aop相关配置,对ssh.aop.aoptest下所有test开头的方法应用自定义切面‘myaop'进行控制,后续会验证结果;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xsi:schemalocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"> <!-- scans the classpath for annotated components (including @repostory and @service that will be auto-registered as spring beans --> <context:component-scan base-package="ssh" /> <!--配数据源 --> <bean name="datasource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.combopooleddatasource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverclass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.driver" /> <property name="jdbcurl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo" /> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> <property name="acquireincrement" value="1"></property> <property name="initialpoolsize" value="80"></property> <property name="maxidletime" value="60"></property> <property name="maxpoolsize" value="80"></property> <property name="minpoolsize" value="30"></property> <property name="acquireretrydelay" value="1000"></property> <property name="acquireretryattempts" value="60"></property> <property name="breakafteracquirefailure" value="false"></property> <!-- 如出现too many connections, 注意修改mysql的配置文件my.ini,增大最多连接数配置项,(查看当前连接命令:show processlist) --> </bean> <bean id="sessionfactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.localsessionfactorybean"> <property name="datasource" ref="datasource" /> <property name="hibernateproperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.mysqldialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> <prop key="current_session_context_class">thread</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.region.factory_class">org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.ehcacheregionfactory</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">true</prop> <prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_configuration_file_resource_path">ehcache.xml</prop> </props> </property> <property name="mappinglocations"> <list> <value>classpath:ssh/model/user.hbm.xml</value> </list> </property> <!-- <property name="annotatedclasses"> <list> <value>ssh.model.user</value> </list> </property> --> </bean> <!-- 配置事务管理器 --> <bean id="transactionmanager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.hibernatetransactionmanager"> <property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> </bean> <!-- 事务的传播特性 --> <tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionmanager"> <tx:attributes> <tx:method name="add*" propagation="required" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.exception"/> <tx:method name="delete*" propagation="required" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.exception"/> <tx:method name="update*" propagation="required" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.exception"/> <tx:method name="save*" propagation="required" read-only="false" rollback-for="java.lang.exception"/> </tx:attributes> </tx:advice> <aop:config> <aop:pointcut id="pcmethod" expression="execution(* ssh.service..*.*(..))" /> <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="pcmethod" advice-ref="txadvice" /> </aop:config> <!-- 自定义aop处理 测试 --> <bean id="aoptest" class="ssh.aop.aoptest"></bean> <bean id="myaop" class="ssh.aop.myaop"></bean> <aop:config proxy-target-class="true"> <aop:aspect ref="myaop"> <aop:pointcut id="pcmethodtest" expression="execution(* ssh.aop.aoptest.test*(..))"/> <aop:before pointcut-ref="pcmethodtest" method="before"/> <aop:after pointcut-ref="pcmethodtest" method="after"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config> </beans>
五、配置struts.xml
配置struts.objectfactory常数为spring,表示action由通过spring的bean中获取;
配置result type为"json",也可以配置其它的,这里为了前后端数据交互简便,配置成json格式;
配置两个action,adduser和queryalluser;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!doctype struts public "-//apache software foundation//dtd struts configuration 2.3//en" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.objectfactory" value="spring"/> <constant name="struts.enable.dynamicmethodinvocation" value="false" /> <constant name="struts.devmode" value="false" /> <package name="default" extends="struts-default,json-default"> <global-results> <result type="json"> <param name="root">json</param> <param name="contenttype">text/html</param> </result> </global-results> <action name="adduser" class="useraction" method="adduser"> <result>.</result> </action> <action name="queryalluser" class="useraction" method="queryalluser"> <result>.</result> </action> </package> <!-- add packages here --> </struts>
六、编写相关代码
注意事项:
dao继承hibernatedaosupport类,所有数据库相关操作用hibernatetemplate操作;
给dao层,service层,action添加相应注解,注册为spring的bean;
附代码如下:
useraction.java
package ssh.action; import java.io.printwriter; import java.util.list; import javax.annotation.resource; import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest; import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse; import org.apache.log4j.logger; import org.apache.struts2.servletactioncontext; import org.springframework.stereotype.controller; import ssh.aop.aoptest; import ssh.model.user; import ssh.service.userservice; import com.google.gson.gson; @controller public class useraction { logger logger = logger.getlogger(useraction.class); @resource private userservice userservice; @resource private aoptest aoptest; public void adduser(){ printwriter out = null; try{ httpservletrequest request = servletactioncontext.getrequest(); httpservletresponse response = servletactioncontext.getresponse(); response.setcontenttype("text/html;charset=utf-8"); string account = request.getparameter("account"); string name = request.getparameter("name"); string address = request.getparameter("address"); user user = new user(); user.setaccount(account); user.setaddress(address); user.setname(name); userservice.add(user); out = response.getwriter(); out.write(new gson().tojson("success")); }catch(exception e){ e.printstacktrace(); logger.error(e.getmessage()); if(out != null) out.write(new gson().tojson("fail")); }finally{ out.flush(); out.close(); } } public void queryalluser(){ printwriter out = null; aoptest.test1(); aoptest.test2(); //logger.error("i"); try { httpservletresponse response = servletactioncontext.getresponse(); response.setcontenttype("text/html;charset=utf-8"); gson gson = new gson(); list<user> userlist= userservice.queryalluser(); string gsonstr = gson.tojson(userlist); out = response.getwriter(); out.write(gsonstr); } catch (exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); logger.error(e.getmessage()); if(out != null) out.write(new gson().tojson("fail")); }finally{ out.flush(); out.close(); } } }
aoptest.java
package ssh.aop; public class aoptest { public void test1(){ system.out.println("aoptest test1 method is running~"); } public void test2(){ system.out.println("aoptest test2 method is running~"); } }
myaop.java
package ssh.aop; public class myaop { public void before(){ system.out.println("befor~"); } public void after(){ system.out.println("after~"); } }
basedao.java
package ssh.dao.base; import javax.annotation.resource; import org.hibernate.sessionfactory; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.hibernatedaosupport; public class basedao extends hibernatedaosupport{ @resource public void setmysessionfactory(sessionfactory sessionfactory){ this.setsessionfactory(sessionfactory); } }
userdao.java
package ssh.dao; import java.util.arraylist; import java.util.list; import org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.hibernatetemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.repository; import ssh.dao.base.basedao; import ssh.model.user; @repository public class userdao extends basedao{ public void add(user user){ this.gethibernatetemplate().save(user); } @suppresswarnings("unchecked") public list<user> queryalluser(){ list<user> users = new arraylist<user>(); hibernatetemplate hibernatetemplate = this.gethibernatetemplate(); hibernatetemplate.setcachequeries(true); users = (list<user>) hibernatetemplate.find("from user"); hibernatetemplate.setcachequeries(false); return users; } }
user.java
package ssh.model; import java.io.serializable; public class user implements serializable{ /** * */ private static final long serialversionuid = -6190571611246371934l; private long id; private string account; private string name; private string address; public string getaccount() { return account; } public string getname() { return name; } public string getaddress() { return address; } public void setaccount(string account) { this.account = account; } public void setname(string name) { this.name = name; } public void setaddress(string address) { this.address = address; } /** * @return the id */ public long getid() { return id; } /** * @param id the id to set */ public void setid(long id) { this.id = id; } }
user.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!-- ~ hibernate, relational persistence for idiomatic java ~ ~ copyright (c) 2010, red hat inc. or third-party contributors as ~ indicated by the @author tags or express copyright attribution ~ statements applied by the authors. all third-party contributions are ~ distributed under license by red hat inc. ~ ~ this copyrighted material is made available to anyone wishing to use, modify, ~ copy, or redistribute it subject to the terms and conditions of the gnu ~ lesser general public license, as published by the free software foundation. ~ ~ this program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, ~ but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability ~ or fitness for a particular purpose. see the gnu lesser general public license ~ for more details. ~ ~ you should have received a copy of the gnu lesser general public license ~ along with this distribution; if not, write to: ~ free software foundation, inc. ~ 51 franklin street, fifth floor ~ boston, ma 02110-1301 usa --> <!doctype hibernate-mapping public "-//hibernate/hibernate mapping dtd 3.0//en" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="ssh.model"> <class name="user" table="user"> <cache usage="read-write"/> <id name="id" column="id"> <generator class="increment"/> </id> <property name="account" type="java.lang.string" column="account"/> <property name="name" type="java.lang.string" column="name"/> <property name="address" type="java.lang.string" column="address"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
userservice.java
package ssh.service; import java.util.list; import javax.annotation.resource; import org.springframework.stereotype.service; import ssh.dao.userdao; import ssh.model.user; @service public class userservice { @resource private userdao userdao = new userdao(); public list<user> queryalluser(){ return userdao.queryalluser(); } public void add(user user){ userdao.add(user); } }
index.jsp(记得添加jquery库)
<%@ page language="java" contenttype="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageencoding="utf-8"%> <!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.01 transitional//en" "http://www.w3.org/tr/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <title>insert title here</title> <style> .mt20{ margin-top: 20px; } </style> </head> <body> <div style="text-align: center;"> <div class="mt20"><label>账号:</label><input id="account" type="text"/></div> <div class="mt20"><label>姓名:</label><input id="name" type="text"/></div> <div class="mt20"><label>地址:</label><input id="address" type="text"/></div> <div class="mt20"><button id="adduser" >添加</button></div> </div> <h3>用户列表:</h3> <ul id="userlist"> </ul> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-1.11.1.min.js"></script> <script> $(function() { $.ajax({ url : 'queryalluser.action', type : 'post', datatype : 'json', success : function(data) { try { for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++){ $("#userlist").append("<li><span style='color:red'>id="+data[i].id+"</span>,account="+data[i].account+",name="+data[i].name+",address="+data[i].address+"</li>"); } } catch (e) {}; } , error : function(e) { alert("sys error"); } }); $("#adduser").on("click", function() { var account = $("#account").val(); var name = $("#name").val(); var address = $("#address").val(); $.ajax({ url : 'adduser.action', type : 'post', datatype : 'json', data : { account : account, name : name, address : address }, success : function(data) { try { $("#userlist").append("<li>account="+account+",name="+name+",address="+address+"</li>"); alert("添加成功"); } catch (e) { } }, error : function(e) { alert("sys error"); } }); }); }); </script> </body> </html>
七、验证结果
回到开头,开始熟悉了解相关技术,并验证结果
1、搭建传统的ssh开发环境,并成功运行(插入、查询)
如下图:查询及添加用户成功;
2、了解c3p0连接池相关配置
数据库连接是一种昂贵的资源,开启及关闭比较消耗性能,因此可以用连接池来管理,初始化若干个连接,重复使用,而不是重复创建关闭,有点类似线程池;
配置如下,要根据实际项目情况合理配置最小最大连接数,详细的各个参数含义可以参考链接
另外要验证连接数相关配置很简单,可以自己写个程序验证,比如当配置最大连接数为10的时候,可以写个程序验证,当打开10个connection后,第11个connection会一直处于等待状态,获取不到;所以要根据情况合理配置连接数,否则有可能会影响应用性能;
<!--配数据源 --> <bean name="datasource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.combopooleddatasource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverclass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.driver" /> <property name="jdbcurl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo" /> <property name="user" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="root" /> <property name="acquireincrement" value="1"></property> <property name="initialpoolsize" value="80"></property> <property name="maxidletime" value="60"></property> <property name="maxpoolsize" value="80"></property> <property name="minpoolsize" value="30"></property> <property name="acquireretrydelay" value="1000"></property> <property name="acquireretryattempts" value="60"></property> <property name="breakafteracquirefailure" value="false"></property> <!-- 如出现too many connections, 注意修改mysql的配置文件my.ini,增大最多连接数配置项,(查看当前连接命令:show processlist) --> </bean>
3、了解验证hibernate的二级缓存,并验证
hibernate的一级缓存是指session范围的缓存,默认开启,二级缓存是sessionfactory范围缓存,在配置sessionfactory的时候,我们已经配置二级缓存为ehcache,接下来验证效果,查询user操作,发现第一次查询会操作数据库,打印sql语句,刷新页面后,发现查询成功且没打印sql语句,如下图,可见二级缓存工作ok;
4、了解spring事物配置,并验证
所谓事务控制,原理都一样,就是要保证原子性、一致性、隔离性、持久性,jdbc编程的时候,都是自己控制,通过set autocommit=false设置成不自动提交,然后开始写具体的数据库操作,发生异常的时候rollback,否则commit;其实spring对事物的控制原理也差不多,加了一些封装,配置等,更加方便而已,比如可以在service层不同方法进行控制等;
验证的话很简单,在service层某个方法(注意方法名要符合spring配置文件中配置的规则)内写两个插入user的操作,在中间抛出一个异常,然后执行,如果发现第一个user插入成功,说明事务控制失效,否则ok;
5、了解spring的ioc(依赖注入),将struts2的action对象(bean)交给spring管理,自定义bean等...并验证
仔细观察的话,在配置applicationcontext.xml文件的过程中,主要工作都是在配置bean相关信息,这些bean都是事先创建好的,其实所谓的bean就是对象;
之所以把对象的创建交给spring容器,目的是为了解耦;
另外在用struts的时候,spring把action注册为bean,默认是单例的,访问的时候并不是每次都new出一个action,在并发访问的时候,会有风险;
不过,可以通过scope="prototype",把action配置成多例;ps:struts2中的action默认是多例;
注意:applicationcontext.xml配置的bean和自定义注解的bean都是可以在程序运行的过程中直接获取的,通过@resource等方式,这个很好验证,写个小程序即可;
6、了解spring aop(面向切面编程),并编写自定义切面函数,验证结果
切面编程这种形式很多地方都用了该思想,什么过滤器,拦截器,事务控制等等...
其原理还是java的反射和动态代理,在方法执行前后加以控制,加入自己要执行的代码;
小例子中加了个切面,在方法执行前后打印before和after字符串,如下图,工作正常,代码参考前面部分:
<!-- 自定义aop处理 测试 --> <bean id="aoptest" class="ssh.aop.aoptest"></bean> <bean id="myaop" class="ssh.aop.myaop"></bean> <aop:config proxy-target-class="true"> <aop:aspect ref="myaop"> <aop:pointcut id="pcmethodtest" expression="execution(* ssh.aop.aoptest.test*(..))"/> <aop:before pointcut-ref="pcmethodtest" method="before"/> <aop:after pointcut-ref="pcmethodtest" method="after"/> </aop:aspect> </aop:config>
@author 风一样的码农
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。
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