详解Spring配置事务的五种方式

spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是 datasource 、transactionmanager  和 代理机制 这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

datasource、transactionmanager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用hibernate进行数据访问时，datasource实际为sessionfactory，transactionmanager的实现为hibernatetransactionmanager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
<bean id="sessionfactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.localsessionfactorybean"> 
<property name="configlocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationclass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.annotationconfiguration" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionmanager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.hibernatetransactionmanager"> 
<property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 配置dao --> 
<bean id="userdaotarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.userdaoimpl"> 
<property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
</bean> 
<bean id="userdao"
  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactionproxyfactorybean"> 
<!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
<property name="transactionmanager" ref="transactionmanager" /> 
<property name="target" ref="userdaotarget" /> 
<property name="proxyinterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.generatordao" /> 
<!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
<property name="transactionattributes"> 
<props> 
<prop key="*">propagation_required</prop> 
</props> 
</property> 
</bean> 
</beans>

第二种方式：所有bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
<bean id="sessionfactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.localsessionfactorybean"> 
<property name="configlocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationclass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.annotationconfiguration" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionmanager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.hibernatetransactionmanager"> 
<property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
</bean> 
<bean id="transactionbase"
   class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactionproxyfactorybean"
   lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> 
<!-- 配置事务管理器 --> 
<property name="transactionmanager" ref="transactionmanager" /> 
<!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
<property name="transactionattributes"> 
<props> 
<prop key="*">propagation_required</prop> 
</props> 
</property> 
</bean> 
<!-- 配置dao --> 
<bean id="userdaotarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.userdaoimpl"> 
<property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
</bean> 
<bean id="userdao" parent="transactionbase" > 
<property name="target" ref="userdaotarget" /> 
</bean> 
</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
<bean id="sessionfactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.localsessionfactorybean"> 
<property name="configlocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationclass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.annotationconfiguration" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionmanager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.hibernatetransactionmanager"> 
<property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
</bean> 
<bean id="transactioninterceptor"
  class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.transactioninterceptor"> 
<property name="transactionmanager" ref="transactionmanager" /> 
<!-- 配置事务属性 --> 
<property name="transactionattributes"> 
<props> 
<prop key="*">propagation_required</prop> 
</props> 
</property> 
</bean> 
<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.beannameautoproxycreator"> 
<property name="beannames"> 
<list> 
<value>*dao</value> 
</list> 
</property> 
<property name="interceptornames"> 
<list> 
<value>transactioninterceptor</value> 
</list> 
</property> 
</bean> 
<!-- 配置dao --> 
<bean id="userdao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.userdaoimpl"> 
<property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
</bean> 
</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 
<context:annotation-config /> 
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 
<bean id="sessionfactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.localsessionfactorybean"> 
<property name="configlocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationclass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.annotationconfiguration" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionmanager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.hibernatetransactionmanager"> 
<property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
</bean> 
<tx:advice id="txadvice" transaction-manager="transactionmanager"> 
<tx:attributes> 
<tx:method name="*" propagation="required" /> 
</tx:attributes> 
</tx:advice> 
<aop:config> 
<aop:pointcut id="interceptorpointcuts"
   expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> 
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txadvice"
   pointcut-ref="interceptorpointcuts" /> 
</aop:config> 
</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
 xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
 
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 
<context:annotation-config /> 
<context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionmanager"/> 
<bean id="sessionfactory"
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.localsessionfactorybean"> 
<property name="configlocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 
<property name="configurationclass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.annotationconfiguration" /> 
</bean> 
<!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） --> 
<bean id="transactionmanager"
  class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.hibernatetransactionmanager"> 
<property name="sessionfactory" ref="sessionfactory" /> 
</bean> 
</beans>

此时在dao上需加上@transactional注解，如下：

package com.mktao.spring.dao; 
import java.util.list; 
import org.hibernate.sessionfactory; 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired; 
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.hibernatedaosupport; 
import org.springframework.stereotype.component; 
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.user; 
@transactional
@component("userdao") 
public class userdaoimpl extends hibernatedaosupport implements userdao { 
public list<user> listusers() { 
return this.getsession().createquery("from user").list(); 
 } 
... 
}

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