PostgreSQL 二进制安装步骤

本人测试系统为linux rh6.4，在linux版本中使用自定义的二进制安装方法。

下载安装版本：wget http://get.enterprisedb.com/postgresql/postgresql-9.4.9-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz

一、创建psotgres用户

groupadd postgres
useradd -g postgres postgres

二、创建必须目录

进入下载目录

tar xzf postgresql-9.4.9-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz -C /opt

创建data目录：

mkdir -p /opt/pgsql/data
mkdir -p /opt/pgsql/log

授权：

chown -R postgres.postgres pgsql
#chown -R postgres.postgres postgresql

这里如果不授权，后面初始化时候会报权限错误：

fixing permissions on existing directory /data/service/postgresql/data … initdb: could not change permissions of directory “/data/service/postgresql/data”: Operation not permitted

三、初始化

进入解压后的目录，切换用户到postgres

[[email protected] /]# su postgres
[[email protected] bin]$ ./initdb -E utf8 -D /opt/pgsql/data

The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

Data page checksums are disabled.

creating directory /opt/pgsql/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
creating configuration files ... ok
creating template1 database in /opt/pgsql/data/base/1 ... ok
initializing pg_authid ... ok
initializing dependencies ... ok
creating system views ... ok
loading system objects' descriptions ... ok
creating collations ... ok
creating conversions ... ok
creating dictionaries ... ok
setting privileges on built-in objects ... ok
creating information schema ... ok
loading PL/pgSQL server-side language ... ok
vacuuming database template1 ... ok
copying template1 to template0 ... ok
copying template1 to postgres ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

    ./postgres -D /opt/pgsql/data
or
    ./pg_ctl -D /opt/pgsql/data -l logfile start

OK 看到这个表示已经初始化成功了。

我们先使用默认配置启动postgresql，如需修改配置参数，可以在data的目录下的postgresql.conf修改。

四、启动postgresql

启动注意必须使用postgres用户启动

[[email protected] bin]$ pwd
/opt/pgsql/bin
[[email protected] bin]$ ./postgres -D /opt/pgsql/data/ > /opt/pgsql/log/postgres.log &

[1] 36452
[email protected]:/data/service/pgsql/bin$ LOG:  database system was shut down at 2016-08-24 15:19:08 CST
LOG:  MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
LOG:  autovacuum launcher started

登录数据库：

[postgres@server2 bin]$ ./psql

psql.bin (9.4.9)
Type "help" for help.

postgres=# 

到此postgresql安装完成，可以开始正常服务，大家如果想创建自己的数据库，用户和密码可以使用：
验证使用：
添加新用户和创建数据库

postgres=# create user srz with password '123';
CREATE ROLE
postgres=# create database mydb with encoding='utf8' owner=srz;
CREATE DATABASE

验证登录

[postgres@server2 bin]$ ./psql -U srz -d mydb
psql.bin (9.4.9)
Type "help" for help.

mydb=>