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Docker的基本操作

程序员文章站 2024-03-12 11:13:32
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首先启动一个容器。 
使用的命令是：

 $ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND][ARG...]
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查看并使用已有的镜像：

[[email protected] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                     TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu   latest              f49eec89601e        7 weeks ago         129.5 MB
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运行这个镜像执行输出hello docker:

[root@localhost ~]# docker run hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu echo 'hello docker'
hello docker
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输出后，启动的容器也就停止了。这是单词启动容器。

我们一般会启动交互式容器，那么我们一般用的命令是：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -i -t IMAGE /bin/bash
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其中 
-i, –interactive=false 打开STDIN，用于控制台交互 
-t, –tty=false 分配tty设备，该可以支持终端登录，默认为false 
我们运行一下：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -i -t hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
root@b4f32bbe4a34:/# 
root@b4f32bbe4a34:/# 
root@b4f32bbe4a34:/# ps -ef
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 11:49 ?        00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        11     1  0 11:49 ?        00:00:00 ps -ef
root@b4f32bbe4a34:/# exit
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可以看到我们就启动了一个容器。 
我们也可以通过ctrl+p,ctrl+q来退出容器。这样容器不会停止。 
通过docker ps可以查看现在运行的容器。

[[email protected] ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                   NAMES
b4f32bbe4a34        hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu   "/bin/bash"              2 minutes ago       Up 2 minutes                                loving_brattain
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其中CONTAINER ID是容器id，NAMES是容器名字。

使用docker ps -a 列出所有的容器，包括关闭的和运行的。 
使用docker ps -l列出最新启动的容器。 
演示如下：

[[email protected] ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS                   NAMES
b4f32bbe4a34        hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu   "/bin/bash"              5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes                                       loving_brattain
debf6ec8991e        hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu   "echo 'hello docker'"    9 minutes ago       Exited (0) 9 minutes ago                           trusting_kilby
d75a2d8c7822        xingguo/df_test1               "nginx -g 'daemon off"   8 hours ago         Up 8 hours                 0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp   df_nginx_web
481b893670bc        f1e3e0a96d20                   "/bin/sh -c 'apt-get "   8 hours ago         Exited (100) 8 hours ago                           angry_hoover
959c0fc5d903        xingguo/commit_test1           "nginx -g 'daemon off"   24 hours ago        Up 24 hours                0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp   nginx_test
80864d42dd23        hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu   "/bin/bash"              4 days ago          Exited (0) 8 hours ago                             web2
243c9309dcb0        hub.c.163.com/library/centos   "/bin/bash"              4 days ago          Exited (0) 4 days ago                              web1
0acfe489665c        hub.c.163.com/library/redis    "docker-entrypoint.sh"   4 days ago          Exited (0) 4 days ago                              web
609127d35d8a        hub.c.163.com/library/redis    "docker-entrypoint.sh"   4 days ago          Exited (0) 4 days ago                              dc1
f0cc2b641202        hub.c.163.com/library/redis    "docker-entrypoint.sh"   4 days ago          Exited (0) 4 days ago                              agitated_mcnulty
13c3e18e54f0        hub.c.163.com/library/redis    "docker-entrypoint.sh"   4 days ago          Exited (0) 4 days ago                              container01
11de631f7f2a        hub.c.163.com/library/redis    "docker-entrypoint.sh"   4 days ago          Exited (0) 4 days ago                              suspicious_yalow
517efd4f989e        hub.c.163.com/library/redis    "docker-entrypoint.sh"   5 days ago          Exited (0) 5 days ago                              high_panini
[[email protected] ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
b4f32bbe4a34        hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu   "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Up 5 minutes                            loving_brattain
[[email protected] ~]#
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使用docker inspect 容器名/容器id来查看容器的详细信息。由于docker给默认起的名字难以记忆，所以我们在启动一个容器时会自定义一个名字。 
使用命令为：

[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name=自定义名 -i -t hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
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演示如下：

root@localhost ~]# docker run --name=container_name_test -i -t hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
root@9ee1e70972f1:/#  
root@9ee1e70972f1:/# [root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
9ee1e70972f1        hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu   "/bin/bash"         38 seconds ago      Up 33 seconds                           container_name_test
[root@localhost ~]#
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可以看到容器名为自定义的名字。 
当容器停止后，可以使用以下命令启动

docker start [-i] NAMES
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当退出容器后，可以使用以下命令进入容器：

[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 容器名/容器id
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[root@localhost ~]# docker attach container_name_test
root@9ee1e70972f1:/# 
root@9ee1e70972f1:/#
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使用docker rm 容器名/容器id可以删除一个容器。这里的删除只能删除已经停止运行的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器。

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                   NAMES
9ee1e70972f1        hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu   "/bin/bash"              6 minutes ago       Exited (0) 13 seconds ago                           container_name_test
b4f32bbe4a34        hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu   "/bin/bash"              17 minutes ago      Up 17 minutes                                       loving_brattain
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm loving_brattain
Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container b4f32bbe4a34692ad881481029659d2de91d92c4e0ba1117584fc6162a949d64. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
[root@localhost ~]# docker rm container_name_test
container_name_test
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS                   NAMES
b4f32bbe4a34        hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu   "/bin/bash"              19 minutes ago      Up 19 minutes                                       loving_brattain

[root@localhost ~]#

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