史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程(图文)
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2024-03-11 20:39:55
一、springmvc基础入门，创建一个helloworld程序
1.首先，导入springmvc需要的jar包。
2.添加web.xml配置文件中关于sp...
一、springmvc基础入门，创建一个helloworld程序
1.首先，导入springmvc需要的jar包。
2.添加web.xml配置文件中关于springmvc的配置
<!--configure the setting of springmvcdispatcherservlet and configure the mapping-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextconfiglocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">
<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
<context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc"/>
<!-- don't handle the static resource -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
<!-- if you use annotation you must configure following setting -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- configure the internalresourceviewresolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.internalresourceviewresolver"
id="internalresourceviewresolver">
<!-- 前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/web-inf/jsp/" />
<!-- 后缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
4.在web-inf文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹，用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp，在body中添加“hello world”。
5.建立包及controller，如下所示
6.编写controller代码
@controller
@requestmapping("/mvc")
public class mvccontroller {
@requestmapping("/hello")
public string hello(){
return "hello";
}
}
7.启动服务器，键入 http://localhost:8080/项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.dispatcherservlet
dispatcherservlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求，servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义，把拦截下来的请求，依据相应的规则分发到目标controller来处理，是配置spring mvc的第一步。
2.internalresourceviewresolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@requestmapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 url 请求
三、springmvc常用注解
@controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@requestmapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 url 请求
@requestbody
该注解用于读取request请求的body部分数据，使用系统默认配置的httpmessageconverter进行解析，然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把httpmessageconverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@responsebody
该注解用于将controller的方法返回的对象，通过适当的httpmessageconverter转换为指定格式后，写入到response对象的body数据区
@modelattribute
在方法定义上使用 @modelattribute 注解：spring mvc 在调用目标处理方法前，会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@modelattribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @modelattribute 注解：可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象，再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中，再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@requestparam
在处理方法入参处使用 @requestparam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@pathvariable
绑定 url 占位符到入参
@exceptionhandler
注解到方法上，出现异常时会执行该方法
@controlleradvice
使一个contoller成为全局的异常处理类，类中用@exceptionhandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
//match automatically
@requestmapping("/person")
public string toperson(string name,double age){
system.out.println(name+" "+age);
return "hello";
}
五、自动装箱
1.编写一个person实体类
package test.springmvc.model;
public class person {
public string getname() {
return name;
}
public void setname(string name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getage() {
return age;
}
public void setage(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
private string name;
private int age;
}
2.在controller里编写方法
//boxing automatically
@requestmapping("/person1")
public string toperson(person p){
system.out.println(p.getname()+" "+p.getage());
return "hello";
}
六、使用initbinder来处理date类型的参数
//the parameter was converted in initbinder
@requestmapping("/date")
public string date(date date){
system.out.println(date);
return "hello";
}
//at the time of initialization,convert the type "string" to type "date"
@initbinder
public void initbinder(servletrequestdatabinder binder){
binder.registercustomeditor(date.class, new customdateeditor(new simpledateformat("yyyy-mm-dd"),
true));
}
七、向前台传递参数
//pass the parameters to front-end
@requestmapping("/show")
public string showperson(map<string,object> map){
person p =new person();
map.put("p", p);
p.setage(20);
p.setname("jayjay");
return "show";
}
前台可在request域中取到"p"
八、使用ajax调用
//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
@requestmapping("/getperson")
public void getperson(string name,printwriter pw){
pw.write("hello,"+name);
}
@requestmapping("/name")
public string sayhello(){
return "name";
}
前台用下面的jquery代码调用
$(function(){
$("#btn").click(function(){
$.post("mvc/getperson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
alert(data);
});
});
});
九、在controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
//redirect
@requestmapping("/redirect")
public string redirect(){
return "redirect:hello";
}
十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在springmvc配置文件中加入
<!-- upload settings --> <bean id="multipartresolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.commonsmultipartresolver"> <property name="maxuploadsize" value="102400000"></property> </bean>
3.方法代码
@requestmapping(value="/upload",method=requestmethod.post)
public string upload(httpservletrequest req) throws exception{
multiparthttpservletrequest mreq = (multiparthttpservletrequest)req;
multipartfile file = mreq.getfile("file");
string filename = file.getoriginalfilename();
simpledateformat sdf = new simpledateformat("yyyymmddhhmmss");
fileoutputstream fos = new fileoutputstream(req.getsession().getservletcontext().getrealpath("/")+
"upload/"+sdf.format(new date())+filename.substring(filename.lastindexof('.')));
fos.write(file.getbytes());
fos.flush();
fos.close();
return "hello";
}
4.前台form表单
<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="file"><br>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>
十一、使用@requestparam注解指定参数的name
@controller
@requestmapping("/test")
public class mvccontroller1 {
@requestmapping(value="/param")
public string testrequestparam(@requestparam(value="id") integer id,
@requestparam(value="name")string name){
system.out.println(id+" "+name);
return "/hello";
}
}
十二、restful风格的sringmvc
1.restcontroller
@controller
@requestmapping("/rest")
public class restcontroller {
@requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.get)
public string get(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
system.out.println("get"+id);
return "/hello";
}
@requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.post)
public string post(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
system.out.println("post"+id);
return "/hello";
}
@requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.put)
public string put(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
system.out.println("put"+id);
return "/hello";
}
@requestmapping(value="/user/{id}",method=requestmethod.delete)
public string delete(@pathvariable("id") integer id){
system.out.println("delete"+id);
return "/hello";
}
}
2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
<!-- configure the hiddenhttpmethodfilter,convert the post method to put or delete --> <filter> <filter-name>hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>hiddenhttpmethodfilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
<input type="submit" value="put">
</form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="post">
</form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
<input type="submit" value="get">
</form>
<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete">
<input type="submit" value="delete">
</form>
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
@controller
@requestmapping("/json")
public class jsoncontroller {
@responsebody
@requestmapping("/user")
public user get(){
user u = new user();
u.setid(1);
u.setname("jayjay");
u.setbirth(new date());
return u;
}
}
十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常（controller内）
@exceptionhandler
public modelandview exceptionhandler(exception ex){
modelandview mv = new modelandview("error");
mv.addobject("exception", ex);
system.out.println("in testexceptionhandler");
return mv;
}
@requestmapping("/error")
public string error(){
int i = 5/0;
return "hello";
}
2.处理全局异常（所有controller）
@controlleradvice
public class testcontrolleradvice {
@exceptionhandler
public modelandview exceptionhandler(exception ex){
modelandview mv = new modelandview("error");
mv.addobject("exception", ex);
system.out.println("in testcontrolleradvice");
return mv;
}
}
3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在springmvc配置文件中配置
<!-- configure simplemappingexceptionresolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.simplemappingexceptionresolver">
<property name="exceptionmappings">
<props>
<prop key="java.lang.arithmeticexception">error</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
error是出错页面
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个myinterceptor类，并实现handlerinterceptor接口
public class myinterceptor implements handlerinterceptor {
@override
public void aftercompletion(httpservletrequest arg0,
httpservletresponse arg1, object arg2, exception arg3)
throws exception {
system.out.println("aftercompletion");
}
@override
public void posthandle(httpservletrequest arg0, httpservletresponse arg1,
object arg2, modelandview arg3) throws exception {
system.out.println("posthandle");
}
@override
public boolean prehandle(httpservletrequest arg0, httpservletresponse arg1,
object arg2) throws exception {
system.out.println("prehandle");
return true;
}
}
2.在springmvc的配置文件中配置
<!-- interceptor setting -->
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/>
<bean class="test.springmvc.interceptor.myinterceptor"></bean>gt;
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证（使用hibernate-validate）及国际化
1.导入hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类user并加上验证注解
public class user {
public int getid() {
return id;
}
public void setid(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public string getname() {
return name;
}
public void setname(string name) {
this.name = name;
}
public date getbirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setbirth(date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
@override
public string tostring() {
return "user [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
}
private int id;
@notempty
private string name;
@past
@datetimeformat(pattern="yyyy-mm-dd")
private date birth;
}
ps:@past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用springmvc的form表单
<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelattribute="user">
id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
<input type="submit" value="submit">
</form:form>
ps:path对应name
4.controller中代码
@controller
@requestmapping("/form")
public class formcontroller {
@requestmapping(value="/add",method=requestmethod.post)
public string add(@valid user u,bindingresult br){
if(br.geterrorcount()>0){
return "adduser";
}
return "showuser";
}
@requestmapping(value="/add",method=requestmethod.get)
public string add(map<string,object> map){
map.put("user",new user());
return "adduser";
}
}
ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelattribute属性，所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
2.@valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显，表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
notempty.user.name=name can't not be empty past.user.birth=birth should be a past value datetimeformat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typemismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typemismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在springmvc配置文件中配置
<!-- configure the locale resource -->
<bean id="messagesource" class="org.springframework.context.support.resourcebundlemessagesource">
<property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
</bean>
6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_cn.properties
username=账号 password=密码
locale.properties中添加
username=user name password=password
创建一个locale.jsp
<body> <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message> <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message> </body>
在springmvc中配置
<!-- make the jsp page can be visited --> <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>
让locale.jsp在web-inf下也能直接访问
最后，访问locale.jsp，切换浏览器语言，能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合springioc和springmvc
1.创建一个test.springmvc.integrate的包用来演示整合，并创建各类
2.user实体类
public class user {
public int getid() {
return id;
}
public void setid(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public string getname() {
return name;
}
public void setname(string name) {
this.name = name;
}
public date getbirth() {
return birth;
}
public void setbirth(date birth) {
this.birth = birth;
}
@override
public string tostring() {
return "user [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
}
private int id;
@notempty
private string name;
@past
@datetimeformat(pattern="yyyy-mm-dd")
private date birth;
}
3.userservice类
@component
public class userservice {
public userservice(){
system.out.println("userservice constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
}
public void save(){
system.out.println("save");
}
}
4.usercontroller
@controller
@requestmapping("/integrate")
public class usercontroller {
@autowired
private userservice userservice;
@requestmapping("/user")
public string saveuser(@requestbody @modelattribute user u){
system.out.println(u);
userservice.save();
return "hello";
}
}
5.spring配置文件
在src目录下创建springioc的配置文件applicationcontext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"
xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
>
<context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc.integrate">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.controller"/>
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.controlleradvice"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
在web.xml中添加配置
<!-- configure the springioc --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.contextloaderlistener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param> <param-name>contextconfiglocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationcontext.xml</param-value> </context-param>
6.在springmvc中进行一些配置，防止springmvc和springioc对同一个对象的管理重合
<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
<context:component-scan base-package="test.springmvc.integrate">
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.controller"/>
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.controlleradvice"/>
</context:component-scan>
十八、springmvc详细运行流程图
十九、springmvc与struts2的区别
1、springmvc基于方法开发的，struts2基于类开发的。springmvc将url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一个handler对象，对象中只包括了一个method。方法执行结束，形参数据销毁。springmvc的controller开发类似web service开发。
2、springmvc可以进行单例开发，并且建议使用单例开发，struts2通过类的成员变量接收参数，无法使用单例，只能使用多例。
3、经过实际测试，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts标签，如果使用struts建议使用jstl。