Linux CentOS 7环境配置

CentOS7环境配置

一、配置

1.修改主机名

• 想要永久生效，可以修改/etc/sysconfig/network文件

vim /etc/hostname

2.替换Yum源为阿里源

• 首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

• 下载对应版本 repo 文件, 放入 /etc/yum.repos.d/ (操作前请做好相应备份)

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

• 运行以下命令生成缓存

yum clean all
yum makecache

二、必备软件安装

1.安装Java8

(1) 下载jdk

wget https://download.oracle.com/otn/java/jdk/8u251-b08/3d5a2bb8f8d4428bbe94aed7ec7ae784/jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz?AuthParam=1594047023_9e2977d15a4af117f2bee890ed0eed0f

mv jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz\?AuthParam\=1594047023_9e2977d15a4af117f2bee890ed0eed0f jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz

(2) 解压安装

tar -zxvf jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/java/

(3) 修改java.security

vim /usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_251/jre/lib/security/java.security
# securerandom.source=file:/dev/random 改为 securerandom.source=file:/dev/./urandom

(4) 配置java

vim /etc/profile

# set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_251
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib.tools.jar
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH

source /etc/profile

(5) 检测是否安装成功

[[email protected] ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_251"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_251-b08)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.251-b08, mixed mode)
[[email protected] ~]# 

2.安装MySQL5.7

(1) 检查是否已安装SQL

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[[email protected] ~]# 

(2) 卸载已安装的数据库

rpm -qa | grep mariadb | xargs rpm -e --nodeps

(3) 下载安装包文件

http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

[[email protected] ~]# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
--2020-07-06 23:20:14--  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 23.36.53.20
Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|23.36.53.20|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 26024 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
Saving to: ‘mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm’

100%[===============================================================================================================>] 26,024       139KB/s   in 0.2s   

2020-07-06 23:20:16 (139 KB/s) - ‘mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm’ saved [26024/26024]

[[email protected] ~]#

(4) 安装MySQL的yum源

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm 
warning: mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql80-community-release-el7-3  ################################# [100%]
[[email protected] ~]# 

(5) 查看可用的mysql安装文件

[[email protected] ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ -l
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2523 Jun 16  2018 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  675 Jul  6 22:01 CentOS-Base.repo.backup
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  230 Jul  6 22:01 epel.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2076 Apr 25  2019 mysql-community.repo
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2108 Apr 25  2019 mysql-community-source.repo
[[email protected] ~]# 
[[email protected] ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql
mysql-cluster-7.5-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community   disabled
mysql-cluster-7.5-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.5 Community - disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community   disabled
mysql-cluster-7.6-community-source MySQL Cluster 7.6 Community - disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community/x86_64 MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community   disabled
mysql-cluster-8.0-community-source MySQL Cluster 8.0 Community - disabled
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64  MySQL Connectors Community    enabled:    153
mysql-connectors-community-source  MySQL Connectors Community -  disabled
mysql-tools-community/x86_64       MySQL Tools Community         enabled:    110
mysql-tools-community-source       MySQL Tools Community - Sourc disabled
mysql-tools-preview/x86_64         MySQL Tools Preview           disabled
mysql-tools-preview-source         MySQL Tools Preview - Source  disabled
mysql55-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.5 Community Server    disabled
mysql55-community-source           MySQL 5.5 Community Server -  disabled
mysql56-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.6 Community Server    disabled
mysql56-community-source           MySQL 5.6 Community Server -  disabled
mysql57-community/x86_64           MySQL 5.7 Community Server    disabled
mysql57-community-source           MySQL 5.7 Community Server -  disabled
mysql80-community/x86_64           MySQL 8.0 Community Server    enabled:    177
mysql80-community-source           MySQL 8.0 Community Server -  disabled
[[email protected] ~]# 

(6) 安装yum-utils源

yum install yum-utils -y

(7) 启用MySQL5.7的源

yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community

yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

[[email protected] ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community                 153
mysql-tools-community/x86_64      MySQL Tools Community                      110
mysql57-community/x86_64          MySQL 5.7 Community Server                 424
[[email protected] ~]# 

(8) 安装mysql

yum install mysql-server

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64
mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch
mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64
[[email protected] ~]# 

(9) 启动mysql服务

systemctl start mysqld.service

systemctl restart mysqld.service

systemctl stop mysqld.service

(10) 设置密码

cat /var/log/mysqld.log
# 查看这句话中的密码[Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: ****

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.30

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('root');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

(11) 设置远程主机登录

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=3;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

(12) 设置编码

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

vim /etc/my.cnf
# 在[mysqld]结束位置添加：character_set_server=utf8
# 保存并重启MySQL服务
systemctl restart mysqld.service

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

(13) MySQL自启动

systemctl enable mysqld.service