centos8 下安装kvm虚拟机
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2024-03-08 18:05:10
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kvm虚拟机安装步骤
步骤一: 检查系统配置
测试系统是否支持虚拟机话,不行的话要再bios中设置 虚拟化
[[email protected] ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 2
On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 2
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: AuthenticAMD
CPU family: 16
Model: 4
Model name: AMD Phenom(tm) II X2 B57 Processor
Stepping: 3
CPU MHz: 3200.000
CPU max MHz: 3200.0000
CPU min MHz: 800.0000
BogoMIPS: 6429.41
Virtualization: AMD-V
L1d cache: 64K
L1i cache: 64K
L2 cache: 512K
L3 cache: 6144K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm 3dnowext 3dnow constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid pni monitor cx16 popcnt lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw ibs skinit wdt hw_pstate vmmcall npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save
可以看到 本机器支持虚拟化 Virtualization: AMD-V
如果没有相应的输出,就需要到bios设定或者是系统不支持。
确认有无kvm模块
[[email protected] ~]# modprobe kvm
[[email protected] ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_amd 110592 0
ccp 98304 1 kvm_amd
kvm 786432 1 kvm_amd
irqbypass 16384 1 kvm
步骤二: 安装支撑包
确认系统已经安装好yum,网络通畅。
然后安装kvm虚拟机的安装包
# yum install qemu-kvm libvert virt-install -y
步骤三:安装centos虚拟机,我们采用centos7.8 minimal镜像,命令行启动
virt-install --name=centos7 --memory=512,maxmemory=1980 --vcpus=2,maxvcpus=2 --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7 --location=/root/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso --disk path=/vms/centos7.qcow2,size=80 --bridge=br0 --graphics=none --console=pty,target_type=serial --extra-args=“console=tty0 console=ttyS0”
错误信息如下:
[[email protected] ~]# virt-install --name=centos7 --memory=1980,maxmemory=1980 --vcpus=2,maxvcpus=2 --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7 --location=/root/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso --disk path=/vms/centos7.qcow2,size=80 --bridge=br0 --graphics=none --console=pty,target_type=serial --extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0"
WARNING The requested volume capacity will exceed the available pool space when the volume is fully allocated. (81920 M requested capacity > 47670 M available)
WARNING OS name 'rhel7' is deprecated, using 'rhel7.0' instead. This alias will be removed in the future.
WARNING /root/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso may not be accessible by the hypervisor. You will need to grant the 'qemu' user search permissions for the following directories: ['/root']
ERROR The requested volume capacity will exceed the available pool space when the volume is fully allocated. (81920 M requested capacity > 47670 M available) (Use --check disk_size=off or --check all=off to override)
这里出现了2个错误,一个是space空间问题,一个是qemu user的问题
解决:
增加 --connect参数
[[email protected] ~]# virt-install --name=centos7 --memory=1980,maxmemory=1980 --vcpus=2,maxvcpus=2 --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7 --location=/root/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso --disk path=/vms/centos7.qcow2,size=80 --connect qemu:///system --bridge=br0 --graphics=none --console=pty,target_type=serial --extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0"
WARNING The requested volume capacity will exceed the available pool space when the volume is fully allocated. (81920 M requested capacity > 47670 M available)
WARNING OS name 'rhel7' is deprecated, using 'rhel7.0' instead. This alias will be removed in the future.
WARNING /root/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso may not be accessible by the hypervisor. You will need to grant the 'qemu' user search permissions for the following directories: ['/root']
ERROR The requested volume capacity will exceed the available pool space when the volume is fully allocated. (81920 M requested capacity > 47670 M available) (Use --check disk_size=off or --check all=off to override)
将虚拟机的硬盘大小调整到40G
[[email protected] ~]# virt-install --name=centos7 --memory=1980,maxmemory=1980 --vcpus=2,maxvcpus=2 --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7 --location=/root/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso --disk path=/vms/centos7.qcow2,size=40 --connect qemu:///system --bridge=br0 --graphics=none --console=pty,target_type=serial --extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0"
WARNING OS name 'rhel7' is deprecated, using 'rhel7.0' instead. This alias will be removed in the future.
WARNING /root/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso may not be accessible by the hypervisor. You will need to grant the 'qemu' user search permissions for the following directories: ['/root']
WARNING /root/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso may not be accessible by the hypervisor. You will need to grant the 'qemu' user search permissions for the following directories: ['/root']
Starting install...
Retrieving file vmlinuz... | 6.4 MB 00:00:00
Retrieving file initrd.img... | 53 MB 00:00:00
Allocating 'centos7.qcow2' | 40 GB 00:00:05
ERROR Cannot get interface MTU on 'br0': No such device
Removing disk 'centos7.qcow2' | 0 B 00:00:00
Domain installation does not appear to have been successful.
If it was, you can restart your domain by running:
virsh --connect qemu:///system start centos7
otherwise, please restart your installation.
没有发现网桥 br0,使用ifconfig查看
[[email protected] ~]# ifconfig |grep br0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
名字应该是virbr0
继续修改
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /home/kvm
[[email protected] ~]# mv Cent* /home/kvm
[[email protected] ~]#chown -R qemu:qemu /home/kvm
[[email protected] ~]#virt-install --name=centos7 --memory=1980,maxmemory=1980 --vcpus=2,maxvcpus=2 --os-type=linux --os-variant=rhel7 --location=/home/kvm/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-2003.iso --disk path=/vms/centos7.qcow2,size=40 --connect qemu:///system --bridge=br0 --graphics=none --console=pty,target_type=serial --extra-args="console=tty0 console=ttyS0"
安装开始
Starting installer, one moment...
anaconda 21.48.22.158-1 for CentOS 7 started.
* installation log files are stored in /tmp during the installation
* shell is available on TTY2
* when reporting a bug add logs from /tmp as separate text/plain attachments
11:50:35 Not asking for VNC because we don't have a network
================================================================================
================================================================================
Installation
1) [x] Language settings 2) [!] Time settings
(English (United States)) (Timezone is not set.)
3) [!] Installation source 4) [!] Software selection
(Processing...) (Processing...)
5) [!] Installation Destination 6) [x] Kdump
(No disks selected) (Kdump is enabled)
7) [ ] Network configuration 8) [!] Root password
(Not connected) (Password is not set.)
9) [!] User creation
(No user will be created)
Please make your choice from above ['q' to quit | 'b' to begin installation |
'r' to refresh]:
[anaconda] 1:main* 2:shell 3:log 4:storage-lo> Switch tab: Alt+Tab | Help: F1
结束安装
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