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CentOS7.8安装mysql5.7（rpm安装）

程序员文章站 2024-03-08 11:29:10
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一、安装mysql软件

下载MySQL官方的Mysql 5.7.30 的rpm包集合

wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

下载后解压

tar -xvf mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

查看linux上是否已经安装了mysql,有则卸载。

rpm -qa|grep mariadb
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64

安装mysql5.7所需要的依赖

 yum install libaio
 yum install perl
yum install net-tools

安装mysql

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

[[email protected] mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-common-5.7.30-1.e################################# [100%]
[[email protected] mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.30-1.el7################################# [100%]
[[email protected] mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.3################################# [100%]
[[email protected] mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-client-5.7.30-1.e################################# [100%]
[[email protected] mysql-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-server-5.7.30-1.e################################# [100%]

二、配置Mysql数据库

启动MySQL

systemctl start mysqld.service

查看MySQL运行状态

systemctl status mysqld.service

mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Wed 2020-05-13 12:34:41 HKT; 30s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 11506 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 11446 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 11510 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─11510 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

May 13 12:34:36 CentOS.highning.com systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
May 13 12:34:41 CentOS.highning.com systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

找出root初始密码

grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log

2020-05-13T04:34:38.628340Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: ,/wsw6gif;eH

进入数据库：

mysql -uroot -p

输入密码（密码是上面查询到的 ,/wsw6gif;eH ），此时不能操作数据库，必须修改密码之后才能操作数据库

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';

其中‘new password’替换成你要设置的密码，注意:密码设置必须要大小写字母数字和特殊符号（,/';:等）,不然不能配置成功

三、开启mysql的远程访问

执行以下命令开启远程访问限制（注意：下面命令开启的IP是 192.168.0.1，如要开启所有的，用%代替IP）：

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.0.1' identified by 'password' with grant option;

再输入以下两行命令

flush privileges;
exit

四、为firewalld添加开放端口

添加mysql端口3306和Tomcat端口8080

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent

重新载入

firewall-cmd --reload

五、更改mysql的语言

首先重新登录mysql，然后输入status：

[[email protected] Linux]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.30, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:          3
Current database:       
Current user:           [email protected]
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    latin1
Db     characterset:    latin1
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 21 min 0 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 14  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 112  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 105  Queries per second avg: 0.011
--------------

Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
这两个不是utf-8

先退出mysql，然后再到/etc目录下的my.cnf文件下修改一下文件内容
加入四行

[client]
default-character-set=utf8

character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci

[client]
default-character-set=utf8
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

重启下mysql，然后输入status再次查看

[[email protected] Linux]# service mysqld restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysqld.service
[[email protected] Linux]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.30, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:          2
Current database:       
Current user:           [email protected]
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 14 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 5  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 105  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 98  Queries per second avg: 0.357
--------------

最后在windows下用mysql命令登录

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.18363.778]
(c) 2019 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\highning>mysql -h 192.168.88.88 -P 3306 -u root -p
Enter password: ********
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

修改密码安全策略，改为LOW，密码长度最小6位

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                        | Value  |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | OFF    |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |        |
| validate_password_length             | 8      |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1      |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1      |
| validate_password_policy             | MEDIUM |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1      |
+--------------------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_policy=LOW;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=6;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                        | Value |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| validate_password_check_user_name    | OFF   |
| validate_password_dictionary_file    |       |
| validate_password_length             | 6     |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count   | 1     |
| validate_password_number_count       | 1     |
| validate_password_policy             | LOW   |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1     |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

关于 mysql 密码策略相关参数；

1）、validate_password_length  固定密码的总长度；

2）、validate_password_dictionary_file 指定密码验证的文件路径；

3）、validate_password_mixed_case_count  整个密码中至少要包含大/小写字母的总个数；

4）、validate_password_number_count  整个密码中至少要包含阿拉伯数字的个数；

5）、validate_password_policy 指定密码的强度验证等级，默认为 MEDIUM；

6）、validate_password_special_char_count 整个密码中至少要包含特殊字符的个数；

关于 validate_password_policy 的取值：

LOW：只验证长度；

MEDIUM：验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符；

STRONG：验证长度、数字、大小写、特殊字符、字典文件；

相关标签： mysql mysql centos 数据库 rpm

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