详解Java的Spring框架中bean的注入集合
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2024-03-07 14:58:03
使用value属性和使用标签的ref属性在你的bean配置文件中的对象引用,这两种情况下可以处理单值到一个bean,如果你想通过多元值,如j...
使用value属性和使用<property>标签的ref属性在你的bean配置文件中的对象引用,这两种情况下可以处理单值到一个bean,如果你想通过多元值,如java collection类型list, set, map 及 properties。要处理这种情况,spring提供了四种类型的如下集合的配置元素:
可以使用<list> 或<set> 来连接任何实现java.util.collection或数组。
会遇到两种情况(a)将收集的直接的值及(b)传递一个bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。
例子:
我们使用eclipse ide,然后按照下面的步骤来创建一个spring应用程序:
这里是javacollection.java文件的内容:
package com.yiibai; import java.util.*; public class javacollection { list addresslist; set addressset; map addressmap; properties addressprop; // a setter method to set list public void setaddresslist(list addresslist) { this.addresslist = addresslist; } // prints and returns all the elements of the list. public list getaddresslist() { system.out.println("list elements :" + addresslist); return addresslist; } // a setter method to set set public void setaddressset(set addressset) { this.addressset = addressset; } // prints and returns all the elements of the set. public set getaddressset() { system.out.println("set elements :" + addressset); return addressset; } // a setter method to set map public void setaddressmap(map addressmap) { this.addressmap = addressmap; } // prints and returns all the elements of the map. public map getaddressmap() { system.out.println("map elements :" + addressmap); return addressmap; } // a setter method to set property public void setaddressprop(properties addressprop) { this.addressprop = addressprop; } // prints and returns all the elements of the property. public properties getaddressprop() { system.out.println("property elements :" + addressprop); return addressprop; } }
以下是mainapp.java文件的内容:
package com.yiibai; import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext; import org.springframework.context.support.classpathxmlapplicationcontext; public class mainapp { public static void main(string[] args) { applicationcontext context = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("beans.xml"); javacollection jc=(javacollection)context.getbean("javacollection"); jc.getaddresslist(); jc.getaddressset(); jc.getaddressmap(); jc.getaddressprop(); } }
以下是配置文件beans.xml文件里面有配置的集合的所有类型:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- definition for javacollection --> <bean id="javacollection" class="com.yiibai.javacollection"> <!-- results in a setaddresslist(java.util.list) call --> <property name="addresslist"> <list> <value>india</value> <value>pakistan</value> <value>usa</value> <value>usa</value> </list> </property> <!-- results in a setaddressset(java.util.set) call --> <property name="addressset"> <set> <value>india</value> <value>pakistan</value> <value>usa</value> <value>usa</value> </set> </property> <!-- results in a setaddressmap(java.util.map) call --> <property name="addressmap"> <map> <entry key="1" value="india"/> <entry key="2" value="pakistan"/> <entry key="3" value="usa"/> <entry key="4" value="usa"/> </map> </property> <!-- results in a setaddressprop(java.util.properties) call --> <property name="addressprop"> <props> <prop key="one">india</prop> <prop key="two">pakistan</prop> <prop key="three">usa</prop> <prop key="four">usa</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
创建源代码和bean配置文件完成后,让我们运行应用程序。如果应用程序一切顺利,这将打印以下信息:
list elements :[india, pakistan, usa, usa] set elements :[india, pakistan, usa] map elements :{1=india, 2=pakistan, 3=usa, 4=usa} property elements :{two=pakistan, one=india, three=usa, four=usa}
注入bean引用:
下面bean定义将帮助您了解如何注入bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。甚至可以混合引用和值都在一起,如下图所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- bean definition to handle references and values --> <bean id="..." class="..."> <!-- passing bean reference for java.util.list --> <property name="addresslist"> <list> <ref bean="address1"/> <ref bean="address2"/> <value>pakistan</value> </list> </property> <!-- passing bean reference for java.util.set --> <property name="addressset"> <set> <ref bean="address1"/> <ref bean="address2"/> <value>pakistan</value> </set> </property> <!-- passing bean reference for java.util.map --> <property name="addressmap"> <map> <entry key="one" value="india"/> <entry key ="two" value-ref="address1"/> <entry key ="three" value-ref="address2"/> </map> </property> </bean> </beans>
使用上面的bean定义,需要定义这样一种方式,他们应该能够处理的参考,以及setter方法。
注入null和空字符串的值
如果需要传递一个空字符串作为值,如下所示:
<bean id="..." class="examplebean"> <property name="email" value=""/> </bean>
前面的例子等同于java代码: examplebean.setemail("")
如果需要传递一个null值,如下所示:
<bean id="..." class="examplebean"> <property name="email"><null/></property> </bean>
前面的例子等同于java代码:examplebean.setemail(null)