Android手势操作简单实例讲解
上一篇介绍的ontouch提供的事件还是相对较简单,如果需要处理一些复杂的手势,用这个接口就会很麻烦,因为我们要根据用户触摸的轨迹去判断是什么手势。幸好android sdk给我们提供了gesturedetector类,通过这个类我们可以识别很多的手势,主要是通过他的ontouchevent(event)方法完成了不同手势的识别。
gesturedetector这个类对外提供了两个接口和一个外部类:
•接口:ongesturelistener,ondoubletaplistener
•外部类:simpleongesturelistener
这个外部类,其实是两个接口中所有函数的集成,它包含了这两个接口里所有必须要实现的函数而且都已经重写,但所有方法体都是空的;不同点在于:该类是static class,程序员可以在外部继承这个类,重写里面的手势处理方法。
ongesturelistener有下面的几个动作:
•ondown(motionevent e):用户按下屏幕就会触发。
•onshowpress(motionevent e):如果按下的时间超过瞬间,而且在按下的时候没有松开或者是拖动的,那么onshowpress就会执行,具体这个瞬间是多久,我也不清楚…
•onlongpress(motionevent e):长按触摸屏,超过一定时长,就会触发这个事件。
触发顺序:ondown->onshowpress->onlongpress
•onsingletapup(motionevent e):一次单独的轻击抬起操作,也就是轻击一下屏幕,立刻抬起来,才会有这个触发,当然,如果除了down以外还有其它操作,那就不再是single操作了,所以也就不会触发这个事件。
触发顺序:
点击一下非常快的(不滑动)touchup:
ondown->onsingletapup->onsingletapconfirmed
点击一下稍微慢点的(不滑动)touchup:
ondown->onshowpress->onsingletapup->onsingletapconfirmed
•onfling(motionevent e1, motionevent e2, float velocityx,float velocityy) :滑屏,用户按下触摸屏、快速移动后松开,由1个motionevent action_down, 多个action_move, 1个action_up触发。
参数解释:
e1:第1个action_down motionevent
e2:最后一个action_move motionevent
velocityx:x轴上的移动速度,像素/秒
velocityy:y轴上的移动速度,像素/秒
•onscroll(motionevent e1, motionevent e2,float distancex, float distancey):在屏幕上拖动事件。无论是用手拖动view,或者是以抛的动作滚动,都会多次触发,这个方法在action_move动作发生时就会触发。
ondoubletaplistener有下面的几个动作:
•onsingletapconfirmed(motionevent e):单击事件。用来判定该次点击是singletap而不是doubletap,如果连续点击两次就是doubletap手势,如果只点击一次,系统等待一段时间后没有收到第二次点击则判定该次点击为singletap而不是doubletap,然后触发singletapconfirmed事件。
触发顺序是:ondown->onsingletapup->onsingletapconfirmed
•ondoubletap(motionevent e):双击事件。
•ondoubletapevent(motionevent e):双击间隔中发生的动作。指触发ondoubletap以后,在双击之间发生的其它动作,包含down、up和move事件。
关于onsingletapconfirmed和onsingletapup的区别:onsingletapup,只要手抬起就会执行,而对于onsingletapconfirmed来说,如果双击的话,则onsingletapconfirmed不会执行。
使用gesture
•使用gesturedetector.ongesturelistener接口
要使用ongesturelistener接口,大致有几步要走:
1、创建ongesturelistener监听函数:
private class gesturelistener implements gesturedetector.ongesturelistener{
}
2、创建gesturedetector实例:
构造函数有下面三个,根据需要选择:
gesturedetector gesturedetector=new gesturedetector(gesturedetector.ongesturelistener listener);
gesturedetector gesturedetector=new gesturedetector(context context,gesturedetector.ongesturelistener listener);
gesturedetector gesturedetector=new gesturedetector(context context,gesturedetector.simpleongesturelistener listener);
注:gesturedetector现在已经是deprecation状态,现在推荐gesturedetectorcompat
gesturedetectorcompat gesturedetectorcompat=new gesturedetectorcompat(context context,gesturedetector.ongesturelistener listener);
gesturedetectorcompat gesturedetectorcompat=new gesturedetectorcompat(context context,gesturedetector.ongesturelistener listener, handler handler);
3、ontouch(view v, motionevent event)中拦截,在ontouch()方法中,我们调用gesturedetector的ontouchevent()方法,将捕捉到的motionevent交给gesturedetector来分析是否有合适的callback函数来处理用户的手势
public boolean ontouch(view v, motionevent event) { return gesturedetectorcompat.ontouchevent(event); }
4、控件绑定
textview tv = (textview)findviewbyid(r.id.tv);
tv.setontouchlistener(this);
实现代码:
<relativelayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <textview android:id="@+id/tv" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_margin="50dip" android:background="#76ee00" android:text="gesture detector" /> </relativelayout>
public class mainactivity extends activity implements ontouchlistener{ private gesturedetectorcompat mgesturedetectorcompat; @override protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) { super.oncreate(savedinstancestate); setcontentview(r.layout.activity_main); mgesturedetectorcompat = new gesturedetectorcompat(this, new gesturelistener()); textview tv = (textview)findviewbyid(r.id.tv); tv.setontouchlistener(this); tv.setfocusable(true); tv.setclickable(true); tv.setlongclickable(true); } public boolean ontouch(view v, motionevent event) { return mgesturedetectorcompat.ontouchevent(event); } private class gesturelistener implements gesturedetector.ongesturelistener{ public boolean ondown(motionevent e) { showlog("ondown"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "ondown", toast.length_short).show(); return false; } public void onshowpress(motionevent e) { showlog("onshowpress"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onshowpress", toast.length_short).show(); } public boolean onsingletapup(motionevent e) { showlog("onsingletapup"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onsingletapup", toast.length_short).show(); return true; } public boolean onscroll(motionevent e1, motionevent e2, float distancex, float distancey) { showlog("onscroll:"+(e2.getx()-e1.getx()) +" "+distancex); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onscroll", toast.length_long).show(); return true; } public void onlongpress(motionevent e) { showlog("onlongpress"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onlongpress", toast.length_long).show(); } public boolean onfling(motionevent e1, motionevent e2, float velocityx, float velocityy) { showlog("onfling"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onfling", toast.length_long).show(); return true; } }; public void showlog(string info) { system.out.print("gesturedetector "+info); } }
•使用gesturedetector.ondoubletaplistener接口
实现ondoubletaplistener接口的前提是先实现ongesturelistener接口,其实除了第1步,2、3、4步和上面完全一样,不再赘述,下面看下第一步:
同时创建ongesturelistener和ondoubletaplistener监听函数:
方法一:新建一个类同时派生自ongesturelistener和ondoubletaplistener:
}
方法二:使用gesturedetector.setondoubletaplistener();函数设置监听:
/构建gesturedetector实例 mgesturedetector = new gesturedetector(new gesturelistener()); private class gesturelistener implements gesturedetector.ongesturelistener{ } //设置双击监听器 mgesturedetector.setondoubletaplistener(new doubletaplistener()); private class doubletaplistener implements gesturedetector.ondoubletaplistener{ }
注:大家可以看到无论在方法一还是在方法二中,都需要派生自gesturedetector.ongesturelistener,前面我们说过gesturedetectorcompat 的构造函数,如下:
gesturedetectorcompat gesturedetectorcompat=new gesturedetectorcompat(context context,gesturedetector.ongesturelistener listener);
gesturedetectorcompat gesturedetectorcompat=new gesturedetectorcompat(context context,gesturedetector.ongesturelistener listener, handler handler);
可以看到,它的两个构造函数参数都必须是ongesturelistener的实例。所以要想使用ondoubletaplistener的几个函数,就必须先实现ongesturelistener。
实现代码:
public class mainactivity extends activity implements ontouchlistener{ private gesturedetectorcompat mgesturedetectorcompat; @override protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) { super.oncreate(savedinstancestate); setcontentview(r.layout.activity_main); mgesturedetectorcompat = new gesturedetectorcompat(this, new gesturelistener()); textview tv = (textview)findviewbyid(r.id.tv); tv.setontouchlistener(this); tv.setfocusable(true); tv.setclickable(true); tv.setlongclickable(true); } public boolean ontouch(view v, motionevent event) { return mgesturedetectorcompat.ontouchevent(event); } private class gesturelistener implements gesturedetector.ongesturelistener, gesturedetector.ondoubletaplistener{ public boolean ondown(motionevent e) { showlog("ondown"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "ondown", toast.length_short).show(); return false; } public void onshowpress(motionevent e) { showlog("onshowpress"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onshowpress", toast.length_short).show(); } public boolean onsingletapup(motionevent e) { showlog("onsingletapup"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onsingletapup", toast.length_short).show(); return true; } public boolean onscroll(motionevent e1, motionevent e2, float distancex, float distancey) { showlog("onscroll:"+(e2.getx()-e1.getx()) +" "+distancex); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onscroll", toast.length_long).show(); return true; } public void onlongpress(motionevent e) { showlog("onlongpress"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onlongpress", toast.length_long).show(); } public boolean onfling(motionevent e1, motionevent e2, float velocityx, float velocityy) { showlog("onfling"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onfling", toast.length_long).show(); return true; } public boolean onsingletapconfirmed(motionevent e) { showlog("onsingletapconfirmed"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onsingletapconfirmed",toast.length_long).show(); return true; } public boolean ondoubletap(motionevent e) { showlog("ondoubletap"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "ondoubletap", toast.length_long).show(); return true; } public boolean ondoubletapevent(motionevent e) { showlog("ondoubletapevent"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "ondoubletapevent", toast.length_long).show(); return true; } public void showlog(string info) { system.out.print("gesturedetector "+info); } }
•使用gesturedetector.simpleongesturelistener类
使用ongesturelistener和ondoubletaplistener接口,这样需要重载接口所有的方法,适合监听所有的手势,如果我们只想监听某个手势或某几个手势呢,这时候就可以使用simpleongesturelistener类了。
它与前两个不同的是:
1、这是一个类,在它基础上新建类的话,要用extends派生而不是用implements继承!
2、ongesturelistener和ondoubletaplistener接口里的函数都是强制必须重写的,即使用不到也要重写出来一个空函数但在simpleongesturelistener类的实例或派生类中不必如此,可以根据情况,用到哪个函数就重写哪个函数,因为simpleongesturelistener类本身已经实现了这两个接口的所有函数,只是里面全是空的而已。
public class mainactivity extends activity implements ontouchlistener { private gesturedetector mgesturedetector; @override protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) { super.oncreate(savedinstancestate); setcontentview(r.layout.activity_main); mgesturedetector = new gesturedetector(new simplegesturelistener()); textview tv = (textview)findviewbyid(r.id.tv); tv.setontouchlistener(this); tv.setfocusable(true); tv.setclickable(true); tv.setlongclickable(true); } public boolean ontouch(view v, motionevent event) { return mgesturedetector.ontouchevent(event); } private class simplegesturelistener extends gesturedetector.simpleongesturelistener { /*****ongesturelistener的函数*****/ public boolean ondown(motionevent e) { log.i("mygesture", "ondown"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "ondown", toast.length_short).show(); return false; } public void onshowpress(motionevent e) { log.i("mygesture", "onshowpress"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onshowpress", toast.length_short).show(); } public boolean onsingletapup(motionevent e) { log.i("mygesture", "onsingletapup"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onsingletapup", toast.length_short).show(); return true; } /*****ondoubletaplistener的函数*****/ public boolean onsingletapconfirmed(motionevent e) { log.i("mygesture", "onsingletapconfirmed"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "onsingletapconfirmed",toast.length_long).show(); return true; } public boolean ondoubletap(motionevent e) { log.i("mygesture", "ondoubletap"); toast.maketext(mainactivity.this, "ondoubletap", toast.length_long).show(); return true; } } }
源码下载:http://xiazai.jb51.net/201609/yuanma/gesturedetector(jb51.net).rar
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