Android图片缓存之Bitmap详解(一)
前言:
最近准备研究一下图片缓存框架,基于这个想法觉得还是先了解有关图片缓存的基础知识,今天重点学习一下bitmap、bitmapfactory这两个类。
bitmap:
bitmap是android系统中的图像处理的最重要类之一。用它可以获取图像文件信息,进行图像剪切、旋转、缩放等操作,并可以指定格式保存图像文件。
重要函数
•public void recycle() // 回收位图占用的内存空间,把位图标记为dead
•public final boolean isrecycled() //判断位图内存是否已释放
•public final int getwidth()//获取位图的宽度
•public final int getheight()//获取位图的高度
•public final boolean ismutable()//图片是否可修改
•public int getscaledwidth(canvas canvas)//获取指定密度转换后的图像的宽度
•public int getscaledheight(canvas canvas)//获取指定密度转换后的图像的高度
•public boolean compress(compressformat format, int quality, outputstream stream)//按指定的图片格式以及画质,将图片转换为输出流。
format:bitmap.compressformat.png或bitmap.compressformat.jpeg
quality:画质,0-100.0表示最低画质压缩,100以最高画质压缩。对于png等无损格式的图片,会忽略此项设置。
•public static bitmap createbitmap(bitmap src) //以src为原图生成不可变得新图像
•public static bitmap createscaledbitmap(bitmap src, int dstwidth, int dstheight, boolean filter)//以src为原图,创建新的图像,指定新图像的高宽以及是否可变。
•public static bitmap createbitmap(int width, int height, config config)——创建指定格式、大小的位图
•public static bitmap createbitmap(bitmap source, int x, int y, int width, int height)以source为原图,创建新的图片,指定起始坐标以及新图像的高宽。
bitmapfactory工厂类:
option 参数类:
•public boolean injustdecodebounds//如果设置为true,不获取图片,不分配内存,但会返回图片的高度宽度信息。
•public int insamplesize//图片缩放的倍数
•public int outwidth//获取图片的宽度值
•public int outheight//获取图片的高度值
•public int indensity//用于位图的像素压缩比
•public int intargetdensity//用于目标位图的像素压缩比(要生成的位图)
•public byte[] intempstorage //创建临时文件,将图片存储
•public boolean inscaled//设置为true时进行图片压缩,从indensity到intargetdensity
•public boolean indither //如果为true,解码器尝试抖动解码
•public bitmap.config inpreferredconfig //设置解码器
•public string outmimetype //设置解码图像
•public boolean inpurgeable//当存储pixel的内存空间在系统内存不足时是否可以被回收
•public boolean ininputshareable //inpurgeable为true情况下才生效,是否可以共享一个inputstream
•public boolean inpreferqualityoverspeed //为true则优先保证bitmap质量其次是解码速度
•public boolean inmutable //配置bitmap是否可以更改,比如:在bitmap上隔几个像素加一条线段
•public int inscreendensity //当前屏幕的像素密度
工厂方法:
•public static bitmap decodefile(string pathname, options opts) //从文件读取图片
•public static bitmap decodefile(string pathname)
•public static bitmap decodestream(inputstream is) //从输入流读取图片
•public static bitmap decodestream(inputstream is, rect outpadding, options opts)
•public static bitmap decoderesource(resources res, int id) //从资源文件读取图片
•public static bitmap decoderesource(resources res, int id, options opts)
•public static bitmap decodebytearray(byte[] data, int offset, int length) //从数组读取图片
•public static bitmap decodebytearray(byte[] data, int offset, int length, options opts)
•public static bitmap decodefiledescriptor(filedescriptor fd)//从文件读取文件 与decodefile不同的是这个直接调用jni函数进行读取 效率比较高
•public static bitmap decodefiledescriptor(filedescriptor fd, rect outpadding, options opts)
bitmap.config inpreferredconfig :
枚举变量 (位图位数越高代表其可以存储的颜色信息越多,图像越逼真,占用内存越大)
•public static final bitmap.config alpha_8 //代表8位alpha位图 每个像素占用1byte内存
•public static final bitmap.config argb_4444 //代表16位argb位图 每个像素占用2byte内存
•public static final bitmap.config argb_8888 //代表32位argb位图 每个像素占用4byte内存
•public static final bitmap.config rgb_565 //代表8位rgb位图 每个像素占用2byte内存
android中一张图片(bitmap)占用的内存主要和以下几个因数有关:图片长度,图片宽度,单位像素占用的字节数。
一张图片(bitmap)占用的内存=图片长度*图片宽度*单位像素占用的字节数
图片读取实例:
1.)从文件读取方式一
/** * 获取缩放后的本地图片 * * @param filepath 文件路径 * @param width 宽 * @param height 高 * @return */ public static bitmap readbitmapfromfile(string filepath, int width, int height) { bitmapfactory.options options = new bitmapfactory.options(); options.injustdecodebounds = true; bitmapfactory.decodefile(filepath, options); float srcwidth = options.outwidth; float srcheight = options.outheight; int insamplesize = 1; if (srcheight > height || srcwidth > width) { if (srcwidth > srcheight) { insamplesize = math.round(srcheight / height); } else { insamplesize = math.round(srcwidth / width); } } options.injustdecodebounds = false; options.insamplesize = insamplesize; return bitmapfactory.decodefile(filepath, options); }
2.)从文件读取方式二 效率高于方式一
/** * 获取缩放后的本地图片 * * @param filepath 文件路径 * @param width 宽 * @param height 高 * @return */ public static bitmap readbitmapfromfiledescriptor(string filepath, int width, int height) { try { fileinputstream fis = new fileinputstream(filepath); bitmapfactory.options options = new bitmapfactory.options(); options.injustdecodebounds = true; bitmapfactory.decodefiledescriptor(fis.getfd(), null, options); float srcwidth = options.outwidth; float srcheight = options.outheight; int insamplesize = 1; if (srcheight > height || srcwidth > width) { if (srcwidth > srcheight) { insamplesize = math.round(srcheight / height); } else { insamplesize = math.round(srcwidth / width); } } options.injustdecodebounds = false; options.insamplesize = insamplesize; return bitmapfactory.decodefiledescriptor(fis.getfd(), null, options); } catch (exception ex) { } return null; }
测试同样生成10张图片两种方式耗时比较 cpu使用以及内存占用两者相差无几 第二种方式效率高一点 所以建议优先采用第二种方式
start = system.currenttimemillis(); for (int i = 0; i < testmaxcount; i++) { bitmaputils.readbitmapfromfile(filepath, 400, 400); } end = system.currenttimemillis(); log.e(tag, "bitmapfactory decodefile--time-->" + (end - start)); start = system.currenttimemillis(); for (int i = 0; i < testmaxcount; i++) { bitmaputils.readbitmapfromfiledescriptor(filepath, 400, 400); } end = system.currenttimemillis(); log.e(tag, "bitmapfactory decodefiledescriptor--time-->" + (end - start));
3.)从输入流中读取文件
/** * 获取缩放后的本地图片 * * @param ins 输入流 * @param width 宽 * @param height 高 * @return */ public static bitmap readbitmapfrominputstream(inputstream ins, int width, int height) { bitmapfactory.options options = new bitmapfactory.options(); options.injustdecodebounds = true; bitmapfactory.decodestream(ins, null, options); float srcwidth = options.outwidth; float srcheight = options.outheight; int insamplesize = 1; if (srcheight > height || srcwidth > width) { if (srcwidth > srcheight) { insamplesize = math.round(srcheight / height); } else { insamplesize = math.round(srcwidth / width); } } options.injustdecodebounds = false; options.insamplesize = insamplesize; return bitmapfactory.decodestream(ins, null, options); }
4.)从资源文件中读取文件
public static bitmap readbitmapfromresource(resources resources, int resourcesid, int width, int height) { bitmapfactory.options options = new bitmapfactory.options(); options.injustdecodebounds = true; bitmapfactory.decoderesource(resources, resourcesid, options); float srcwidth = options.outwidth; float srcheight = options.outheight; int insamplesize = 1; if (srcheight > height || srcwidth > width) { if (srcwidth > srcheight) { insamplesize = math.round(srcheight / height); } else { insamplesize = math.round(srcwidth / width); } } options.injustdecodebounds = false; options.insamplesize = insamplesize; return bitmapfactory.decoderesource(resources, resourcesid, options); }
此种方式相当的耗费内存 建议采用decodestream代替decoderesource 可以如下形式
public static bitmap readbitmapfromresource(resources resources, int resourcesid, int width, int height) { inputstream ins = resources.openrawresource(resourcesid); bitmapfactory.options options = new bitmapfactory.options(); options.injustdecodebounds = true; bitmapfactory.decodestream(ins, null, options); float srcwidth = options.outwidth; float srcheight = options.outheight; int insamplesize = 1; if (srcheight > height || srcwidth > width) { if (srcwidth > srcheight) { insamplesize = math.round(srcheight / height); } else { insamplesize = math.round(srcwidth / width); } } options.injustdecodebounds = false; options.insamplesize = insamplesize; return bitmapfactory.decodestream(ins, null, options); }
decodestream、decoderesource占用内存对比:
start = system.currenttimemillis(); for (int i = 0; i < testmaxcount; i++) { bitmaputils.readbitmapfromresource(getresources(), r.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner, 400, 400); log.e(tag, "bitmapfactory decoderesource--num-->" + i); } end = system.currenttimemillis(); log.e(tag, "bitmapfactory decoderesource--time-->" + (end - start)); start = system.currenttimemillis(); for (int i = 0; i < testmaxcount; i++) { bitmaputils.readbitmapfromresource1(getresources(), r.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner, 400, 400); log.e(tag, "bitmapfactory decodestream--num-->" + i); } end = system.currenttimemillis(); log.e(tag, "bitmapfactory decodestream--time-->" + (end - start));
bitmapfactory.decoderesource 加载的图片可能会经过缩放,该缩放目前是放在 java 层做的,效率比较低,而且需要消耗 java 层的内存。因此,如果大量使用该接口加载图片,容易导致oom错误。
bitmapfactory.decodestream 不会对所加载的图片进行缩放,相比之下占用内存少,效率更高。
这两个接口各有用处,如果对性能要求较高,则应该使用 decodestream;如果对性能要求不高,且需要 android 自带的图片自适应缩放功能,则可以使用 decoderesource。
5. )从二进制数据读取图片
public static bitmap readbitmapfrombytearray(byte[] data, int width, int height) { bitmapfactory.options options = new bitmapfactory.options(); options.injustdecodebounds = true; bitmapfactory.decodebytearray(data, 0, data.length, options); float srcwidth = options.outwidth; float srcheight = options.outheight; int insamplesize = 1; if (srcheight > height || srcwidth > width) { if (srcwidth > srcheight) { insamplesize = math.round(srcheight / height); } else { insamplesize = math.round(srcwidth / width); } } options.injustdecodebounds = false; options.insamplesize = insamplesize; return bitmapfactory.decodebytearray(data, 0, data.length, options); }
6.)从assets文件读取图片
/** * 获取缩放后的本地图片 * * @param filepath 文件路径 * @return */ public static bitmap readbitmapfromassetsfile(context context, string filepath) { bitmap image = null; assetmanager am = context.getresources().getassets(); try { inputstream is = am.open(filepath); image = bitmapfactory.decodestream(is); is.close(); } catch (ioexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } return image; }
图片保存文件:
public static void writebitmaptofile(string filepath, bitmap b, int quality) { try { file desfile = new file(filepath); fileoutputstream fos = new fileoutputstream(desfile); bufferedoutputstream bos = new bufferedoutputstream(fos); b.compress(bitmap.compressformat.jpeg, quality, bos); bos.flush(); bos.close(); } catch (ioexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } }
图片压缩:
private static bitmap compressimage(bitmap image) { if (image == null) { return null; } bytearrayoutputstream baos = null; try { baos = new bytearrayoutputstream(); image.compress(bitmap.compressformat.jpeg, 100, baos); byte[] bytes = baos.tobytearray(); bytearrayinputstream isbm = new bytearrayinputstream(bytes); bitmap bitmap = bitmapfactory.decodestream(isbm); return bitmap; } catch (outofmemoryerror e) { } finally { try { if (baos != null) { baos.close(); } } catch (ioexception e) { } } return null; }
图片缩放:
/** * 根据scale生成一张图片 * * @param bitmap * @param scale 等比缩放值 * @return */ public static bitmap bitmapscale(bitmap bitmap, float scale) { matrix matrix = new matrix(); matrix.postscale(scale, scale); // 长和宽放大缩小的比例 bitmap resizebmp = bitmap.createbitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, bitmap.getwidth(), bitmap.getheight(), matrix, true); return resizebmp; }
获取图片旋转角度:
/** * 读取照片exif信息中的旋转角度 * * @param path 照片路径 * @return角度 */ private static int readpicturedegree(string path) { if (textutils.isempty(path)) { return 0; } int degree = 0; try { exifinterface exifinterface = new exifinterface(path); int orientation = exifinterface.getattributeint(exifinterface.tag_orientation, exifinterface.orientation_normal); switch (orientation) { case exifinterface.orientation_rotate_90: degree = 90; break; case exifinterface.orientation_rotate_180: degree = 180; break; case exifinterface.orientation_rotate_270: degree = 270; break; } } catch (exception e) { } return degree; }
图片旋转角度:
private static bitmap rotatebitmap(bitmap b, float rotatedegree) { if (b == null) { return null; } matrix matrix = new matrix(); matrix.postrotate(rotatedegree); bitmap rotabitmap = bitmap.createbitmap(b, 0, 0, b.getwidth(), b.getheight(), matrix, true); return rotabitmap; }
图片转二进制:
public byte[] bitmap2bytes(bitmap bm) { bytearrayoutputstream baos = new bytearrayoutputstream(); bm.compress(bitmap.compressformat.png, 100, baos); return baos.tobytearray(); }
bitmap转drawable
public static drawable bitmaptodrawable(resources resources, bitmap bm) { drawable drawable = new bitmapdrawable(resources, bm); return drawable; }
drawable转bitmap
public static bitmap drawabletobitmap(drawable drawable) { bitmap bitmap = bitmap.createbitmap(drawable.getintrinsicwidth(), drawable.getintrinsicheight(), drawable.getopacity() != pixelformat.opaque ? bitmap.config.argb_8888 : bitmap.config.rgb_565); canvas canvas = new canvas(bitmap); drawable.setbounds(0, 0, drawable.getintrinsicwidth(), drawable.getintrinsicheight()); drawable.draw(canvas); return bitmap; }
drawable、bitmap占用内存探讨
之前一直使用过afinal 和xutils 熟悉这两框架的都知道,两者出自同一人,xutils是afina的升级版,afinal中的图片内存缓存使用的是bitmap 而后来为何xutils将内存缓存的对象改成了drawable了呢?我们一探究竟
写个测试程序:
list<bitmap> bitmaps = new arraylist<>(); start = system.currenttimemillis(); for (int i = 0; i < testmaxcount; i++) { bitmap bitmap = bitmaputils.readbitmap(this, r.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner); bitmaps.add(bitmap); log.e(tag, "bitmapfactory bitmap--num-->" + i); } end = system.currenttimemillis(); log.e(tag, "bitmapfactory bitmap--time-->" + (end - start)); list<drawable> drawables = new arraylist<>(); start = system.currenttimemillis(); for (int i = 0; i < testmaxcount; i++) { drawable drawable = getresources().getdrawable(r.mipmap.ic_app_center_banner); drawables.add(drawable); log.e(tag, "bitmapfactory drawable--num-->" + i); } end = system.currenttimemillis(); log.e(tag, "bitmapfactory drawable--time-->" + (end - start));
测试数据1000 同一张图片
从测试说明drawable 相对bitmap有很大的内存占用优势。这也是为啥现在主流的图片缓存框架内存缓存那一层采用drawable作为缓存对象的原因。
小结:图片处理就暂时学习到这里,以后再做补充。
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。