Android XMPP通讯自定义Packet&Provider
摘要
在xmpp通信过程中,asmack中提供的packet组件是iq,message,presence三种: iq用于查询 message用于消息传递 presence用于状态交互 他们都是packet的子类,实质是用于将消息封装成响应的xml格式来进行数据交换,都有着良好的可扩展性。
简介
我们以开源项目androidpn为例:
androidpn (android push notification)是一个基于xmpp协议的java开源android push notification实现。它包含了完整的客户端和服务器端。
androidpn包括server端和client端,项目名称是androidpn-server和androidpn-client。
事实上,androidpn-server可以支持app运行于ios,uwp,windows,linux等平台,不仅限于android,因此,希望项目的名称改为xpn(xmpp push notification)似乎更加符合其实际场景,我们以后涉及到android push notification统称为xpn。
xnp目前状态
项目自2014年1月就已经停止更新了,此外,asmack项目也停止更新了,作者建议使用openfire官方的smack4.0,不过这样的话引入的jar会特别多,特别大。当然,我们下载到了asmack8.10.0比较新的稳定版本,可以完全用于学习和扩展。
项目相关下载站点
asmack-github.com - asmack项目地址
- asmack镜像地址
androidpn(xpn)-github.com - androidpn下载地址
一.关于packet数据包
packet是iq,message,presence的父类,用于实现消息组件类型。
消息语义学message
message是一种基本推送消息方法,它不要求响应。主要用于im、groupchat、alert和notification之类的应用中。
主要 属性如下:
type属性,它主要有5种类型:
normal:类似于email,主要特点是不要求响应;
chat:类似于qq里的好友即时聊天,主要特点是实时通讯;
groupchat:类似于聊天室里的群聊;
headline:用于发送alert和notification;
error:如果发送message出错,发现错误的实体会用这个类别来通知发送者出错了;
to属性:标识消息的接收方。
from属性:指发送方的名字或标示。为防止地址外泄,这个地址通常由发送者的server填写,而不是发送者。
载荷(payload):例如body,subject
<message to="lily@jabber.org/contact" type="chat" > <body> 你好,在忙吗</body> </message>
出席信息语义学presence
presence用来表明用户的状态,如:online、away、dnd(请勿打扰)等。当改变自己的状态时,就会在stream的上下文中插入一个presence元素,来表明自身的状态。要想接受presence消息,必须经过一个叫做presence subscription的授权过程。
属性:
type属性,非必须。有以下类别
subscribe:订阅其他用户的状态
probe:请求获取其他用户的状态
unavailable:不可用,离线(offline)状态
to属性:标识消息的接收方。
from属性:指发送方的名字或标示。
载荷(payload):
show:
chat:聊天中
away:暂时离开
xa:extend away,长时间离开
dnd:勿打扰
status:格式*,可阅读的文本。也叫做rich presence或者extended presence,常用来表示用户当前心情,活动,听的歌曲,看的视频,所在的聊天室,访问的网页,玩的游戏等等。
priority:范围-128~127。高优先级的resource能接受发送到bare jid的消息,低优先级的resource不能。优先级为
<presence from="">
<show>xa</show>
<status>down the rabbit hole!</status>
</presence>
iq语义学
一种请求/响应机制,从一个实体从发送请求,另外一个实体接受请求,并进行响应。例如,client在stream的上下文中插入一个元素,向server请求得到自己的好友列表,server返回一个,里面是请求的结果。
主要的属性是type。包括:
get :获取当前域值。类似于http get方法。
set :设置或替换get查询的值。类似于http put方法。
result :说明成功的响应了先前的查询。类似于http状态码200。
error: 查询和响应中出现的错误。
<iq from=""
id="rr82a1z7"
to=""
type="get">
<query xmlns="jabber:iq:roster"/>
</iq>
二.自定义packet
由于服务器和客户端使用的packet不同,但是他们交互的数据格式都是xml,因此,这个过程我们理解xml实现过程即可。
1.定义packet封装对象
由于asmack标签解析的限制,我们不能自定义解析,除非修改源码,这里出于简单,这里只能继承现有标签之一。
我么按照项目代码notificationiq为例,这里没有继承packet,而是继承了iq
import org.jivesoftware.smack.packet.iq; /** * this class represents a notifcatin iq packet. * * @author sehwan noh (devnoh@gmail.com) */ public class notificationiq extends iq { private string id; private string apikey; private string title; private string message; private string uri; public notificationiq() { } @override public string getchildelementxml() { stringbuilder buf = new stringbuilder(); buf.append("<").append("notification").append(" xmlns=\"").append( "androidpn:iq:notification").append("\">"); if (id != null) { buf.append("<id>").append(id).append("</id>"); } buf.append("</").append("notification").append("> "); return buf.tostring(); } public string getid() { return id; } public void setid(string id) { this.id = id; } public string getapikey() { return apikey; } public void setapikey(string apikey) { this.apikey = apikey; } public string gettitle() { return title; } public void settitle(string title) { this.title = title; } public string getmessage() { return message; } public void setmessage(string message) { this.message = message; } public string geturi() { return uri; } public void seturi(string url) { this.uri = url; } }
其中,getchildelementxml()是iq的子类,用来拼接成<iq>下的直接点。
public abstract class iq extends packet { private type type = type.get; public iq() { super(); } public iq(iq iq) { super(iq); type = iq.gettype(); } /** * returns the type of the iq packet. * * @return the type of the iq packet. */ public type gettype() { return type; } /** * sets the type of the iq packet. * * @param type the type of the iq packet. */ public void settype(type type) { if (type == null) { this.type = type.get; } else { this.type = type; } } public string toxml() { stringbuilder buf = new stringbuilder(); buf.append("<iq "); if (getpacketid() != null) { buf.append("id=\"" + getpacketid() + "\" "); } if (getto() != null) { buf.append("to=\"").append(stringutils.escapeforxml(getto())).append("\" "); } if (getfrom() != null) { buf.append("from=\"").append(stringutils.escapeforxml(getfrom())).append("\" "); } if (type == null) { buf.append("type=\"get\">"); } else { buf.append("type=\"").append(gettype()).append("\">"); } // add the query section if there is one. string queryxml = getchildelementxml(); if (queryxml != null) { buf.append(queryxml); } // add the error sub-packet, if there is one. xmpperror error = geterror(); if (error != null) { buf.append(error.toxml()); } buf.append("</iq>"); return buf.tostring(); } /** * returns the sub-element xml section of the iq packet, or <tt>null</tt> if there * isn't one. packet extensions <b>must</b> be included, if any are defined.<p> * * extensions of this class must override this method. * * @return the child element section of the iq xml. */ public abstract string getchildelementxml(); /** * convenience method to create a new empty {@link type#result iq.type.result} * iq based on a {@link type#get iq.type.get} or {@link type#set iq.type.set} * iq. the new packet will be initialized with:<ul> * <li>the sender set to the recipient of the originating iq. * <li>the recipient set to the sender of the originating iq. * <li>the type set to {@link type#result iq.type.result}. * <li>the id set to the id of the originating iq. * <li>no child element of the iq element. * </ul> * * @param iq the {@link type#get iq.type.get} or {@link type#set iq.type.set} iq packet. * @throws illegalargumentexception if the iq packet does not have a type of * {@link type#get iq.type.get} or {@link type#set iq.type.set}. * @return a new {@link type#result iq.type.result} iq based on the originating iq. */ public static iq createresultiq(final iq request) { if (!(request.gettype() == type.get || request.gettype() == type.set)) { throw new illegalargumentexception( "iq must be of type 'set' or 'get'. original iq: " + request.toxml()); } final iq result = new iq() { public string getchildelementxml() { return null; } }; result.settype(type.result); result.setpacketid(request.getpacketid()); result.setfrom(request.getto()); result.setto(request.getfrom()); return result; } /** * convenience method to create a new {@link type#error iq.type.error} iq * based on a {@link type#get iq.type.get} or {@link type#set iq.type.set} * iq. the new packet will be initialized with:<ul> * <li>the sender set to the recipient of the originating iq. * <li>the recipient set to the sender of the originating iq. * <li>the type set to {@link type#error iq.type.error}. * <li>the id set to the id of the originating iq. * <li>the child element contained in the associated originating iq. * <li>the provided {@link xmpperror xmpperror}. * </ul> * * @param iq the {@link type#get iq.type.get} or {@link type#set iq.type.set} iq packet. * @param error the error to associate with the created iq packet. * @throws illegalargumentexception if the iq packet does not have a type of * {@link type#get iq.type.get} or {@link type#set iq.type.set}. * @return a new {@link type#error iq.type.error} iq based on the originating iq. */ public static iq createerrorresponse(final iq request, final xmpperror error) { if (!(request.gettype() == type.get || request.gettype() == type.set)) { throw new illegalargumentexception( "iq must be of type 'set' or 'get'. original iq: " + request.toxml()); } final iq result = new iq() { public string getchildelementxml() { return request.getchildelementxml(); } }; result.settype(type.error); result.setpacketid(request.getpacketid()); result.setfrom(request.getto()); result.setto(request.getfrom()); result.seterror(error); return result; } /** * a class to represent the type of the iq packet. the types are: * * <ul> * <li>iq.type.get * <li>iq.type.set * <li>iq.type.result * <li>iq.type.error * </ul> */ public static class type { public static final type get = new type("get"); public static final type set = new type("set"); public static final type result = new type("result"); public static final type error = new type("error"); /** * converts a string into the corresponding types. valid string values * that can be converted to types are: "get", "set", "result", and "error". * * @param type the string value to covert. * @return the corresponding type. */ public static type fromstring(string type) { if (type == null) { return null; } type = type.tolowercase(); if (get.tostring().equals(type)) { return get; } else if (set.tostring().equals(type)) { return set; } else if (error.tostring().equals(type)) { return error; } else if (result.tostring().equals(type)) { return result; } else { return null; } } private string value; private type(string value) { this.value = value; } public string tostring() { return value; } } }
最终可生成如下结构的数据
<iq from=""> <nofitication xlns=""> <iq>
我们在项目中的使用很简单
xmppmanager.getconnection().sendpacket(<notificationiq>niq)
当然,上面只是实现了object->xml,接下来我们实现xml->data
2.实现iqprovider
先来看看iqprovider源码
public interface iqprovider { /** * parse the iq sub-document and create an iq instance. each iq must have a * single child element. at the beginning of the method call, the xml parser * will be positioned at the opening tag of the iq child element. at the end * of the method call, the parser <b>must</b> be positioned on the closing tag * of the child element. * * @param parser an xml parser. * @return a new iq instance. * @throws exception if an error occurs parsing the xml. */ public iq parseiq(xmlpullparser parser) throws exception; }
实现自定义的解析工具
public class notificationiqprovider implements iqprovider { public notificationiqprovider() { } @override public iq parseiq(xmlpullparser parser) throws exception { notificationiq notification = new notificationiq(); for (boolean done = false; !done;) { int eventtype = parser.next(); if (eventtype == 2) { if ("id".equals(parser.getname())) { notification.setid(parser.nexttext()); } if ("apikey".equals(parser.getname())) { notification.setapikey(parser.nexttext()); } if ("title".equals(parser.getname())) { notification.settitle(parser.nexttext()); } if ("message".equals(parser.getname())) { notification.setmessage(parser.nexttext()); } if ("uri".equals(parser.getname())) { notification.seturi(parser.nexttext()); } } else if (eventtype == 3 && "notification".equals(parser.getname())) { done = true; } } return notification; } }
项目中使用方法
providermanager.getinstance().addiqprovider("notification", "androidpn:iq:notification", new notificationiqprovider());
在asmack中packetparserutils类中会进行如下调用
object provider = providermanager.getinstance().getiqprovider(elementname, namespace); if (provider != null) { if (provider instanceof iqprovider) { iqpacket = ((iqprovider)provider).parseiq(parser); } else if (provider instanceof class) { iqpacket = (iq)packetparserutils.parsewithintrospection(elementname, (class<?>)provider, parser); } }
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