你不知道的文件上传漏洞php代码分析
漏洞描述
开发中文件上传功能很常见,作为开发者,在完成功能的基础上我们一般也要做好安全防护。
文件处理一般包含两项功能,用户上传和展示文件,如上传头像。
文件上传攻击示例
upload.php
<?php $uploaddir = 'uploads/'; $uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_files['userfile']['name']); if (move_uploaded_file($_files['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)){ echo "file is valid, and was successfully uploaded.\n"; } else { echo "file uploading failed.\n"; } ?>
upload.html
<form name="upload" action="upload1.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/formdata"> select the file to upload: <input type="file" name="userfile"> <input type="submit" name="upload" value="upload"> </form>
上述代码未经过任何验证,恶意用户可以上传php文件,代码如下
<?php eval($_get['command']);?>
恶意用户可以通过访问 如http://server/uploads/shell.php?command=phpinfo(); 来执行远程命令
content-type验证
upload.php
<?php if($_files['userfile']['type'] != "image/gif") {//获取http请求头信息中contenttype echo "sorry, we only allow uploading gif images"; exit; } $uploaddir = 'uploads/'; $uploadfile = $uploaddir.basename($_files['userfile']['name']); if (move_uploaded_file($_files['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)){ echo "file is valid, and was successfully uploaded.\n"; } else { echo "file uploading failed.\n"; } ?>
该方式是通过http请求头信息进行验证,可通过修改content-type ==> image/jpg绕过验证,可以通过脚本或burpsuite、fiddle修改
如下
content-disposition: form-data; name="userfile"; filename="shell.php"
content-type: image/gif
图片类型验证
该方法通过读取文件头中文件类型信息,获取文件类型
备注:如jpeg/jpg文件头标识为ffd8
upload.php
<?php $imageinfo = getimagesize($_files['userfile']['tmp_name']); if($imageinfo['mime'] != 'image/gif' && $imageinfo['mime'] != 'image/jpeg') { echo "sorry, we only accept gif and jpeg images\n"; exit; } $uploaddir = 'uploads/'; $uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_files['userfile']['name']); if (move_uploaded_file($_files['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)){ echo "file is valid, and was successfully uploaded.\n"; } else { echo "file uploading failed.\n"; } ?>
可以通过图片添加注释来绕过此验证。
如添加注释<?php phpinfo(); ?>,保存图片后将其扩展名改为php,则可成功上传。
上传成功后访问该文件则可看到如下显示
文件扩展名验证
通过黑名单或白名单对文件扩展名进行过滤,如下代码
upload.php
<?php $blacklist = array(".php", ".phtml", ".php3", ".php4"); foreach ($blacklist as $item) { if(preg_match("/$item\$/i", $_files['userfile']['name'])) { echo "we do not allow uploading php files\n"; exit; } } $uploaddir = 'uploads/'; $uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_files['userfile']['name']); if (move_uploaded_file($_files['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)){ echo "file is valid, and was successfully uploaded.\n"; } else { echo "file uploading failed.\n"; } ?>
当黑名单不全,构造特殊文件名可以绕过扩展名验证
直接访问上传的文件
将上传文件保存在非web root下其他文件夹下,可以防止用户通过路径直接访问到文件。
upload.php
<?php $uploaddir = 'd:/uploads/'; $uploadfile = $uploaddir . basename($_files['userfile']['name']); if (move_uploaded_file($_files['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)) { echo "file is valid, and was successfully uploaded.\n"; } else { echo "file uploading failed.\n"; } ?>
用户不可以直接通过http://localhost/uploads/ 来访问文件,必须通过view.php来访问
view.php
<?php $uploaddir = 'd:/uploads/'; $name = $_get['name']; readfile($uploaddir.$name); ?>
查看文件代码未验证文件名,用户可以通过例如http://localhost/view.php?name=..//php/upload.php,查看指定的文件
解决漏洞示例
upload.php
<?php require_once 'db.php'; $uploaddir = 'd:/uploads/'; $uploadfile = tempnam($uploaddir, "upload_"); if (move_uploaded_file($_files['userfile']['tmp_name'], $uploadfile)) { $db =& db::connect("mysql://username:password@localhost/database"); if(pear::iserror($db)) { unlink($uploadfile); die "error connecting to the database"; } $res = $db->query("insert into uploads set name=?, original_name=?,mime_type=?", array(basename($uploadfile,basename($_files['userfile']['name']),$_files['userfile']['type'])); if(pear::iserror($res)) { unlink($uploadfile); die "error saving data to the database. the file was not uploaded"; } $id = $db->getone('select last_insert_id() from uploads'); echo "file is valid, and was successfully uploaded. you can view it <a href=\"view.php?id=$id\">here</a>\n"; } else { echo "file uploading failed.\n"; } ?>
view.php
<?php require_once 'db.php'; $uploaddir = 'd:/uploads/'; $id = $_get['id']; if(!is_numeric($id)) { die("file id must be numeric"); } $db =& db::connect("mysql://root@localhost/db"); if(pear::iserror($db)) { die("error connecting to the database"); } $file = $db->getrow('select name, mime_type from uploads where id=?',array($id), db_fetchmode_assoc); if(pear::iserror($file)) { die("error fetching data from the database"); } if(is_null($file) || count($file)==0) { die("file not found"); } header("content-type: " . $file['mime_type']); readfile($uploaddir.$file['name']); ?>
上述代码文件名随机更改,文件被存储在web root之外,用户通过id在数据库中查询文件名,读取文件,可以有效的阻止上述漏洞发生
总结
通过以上示例分析,可总结一下几点
1.文件名修改,不使用用户上传的文件名
2.用户不可以通过上传路径直接访问文件
3.文件查看采用数据库获取文件名,从而在相应文件服务器读取文件
4.文件上传限制文件大小,个人上传数量等
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。