Android自定义照相机详解
几乎每个app都会用的相机功能,下面小编把内容整理分享到平台,供大家参考,感兴趣的朋友一起学习吧!
启动相机的两种方式
1.直接启动系统相机
<code class="hljs avrasm"> intent intent = new intent(); intent.setaction(mediastore.action_image_capture); startactivity(intent);</code>
或者指定返回图片的名称mcurrentphotofile
<code class="hljs avrasm"> intent intent = new intent(mediastore.action_image_capture); intent.putextra(mediastore.extra_output,uri.fromfile(mcurrentphotofile)); startactivityforresult(intent, camera_with_data);</code>
2.自定义启动相机
今天以第二种为例。效果图如下
自定义相机的一般步骤
创建显示相机画面的布局,android已经为我们选定好surfaceview 通过surfaceview#getholder()获得链接camera和surfaceview的surfaceholder camame.open()打开相机 通过surfaceholder链接camera和surfaceview
一般步骤的代码演示
<code class="hljs java">public class camerasurfaceview extends surfaceview implements surfaceholder.callback, camera.autofocuscallback { private static final string tag = "camerasurfaceview"; private context mcontext; private surfaceholder holder; private camera mcamera; private int mscreenwidth; private int mscreenheight; public camerasurfaceview(context context) { this(context, null); } public camerasurfaceview(context context, attributeset attrs) { this(context, attrs, 0); } public camerasurfaceview(context context, attributeset attrs, int defstyleattr) { super(context, attrs, defstyleattr); mcontext = context; getscreenmetrix(context); initview(); } private void getscreenmetrix(context context) { windowmanager wm = (windowmanager) context.getsystemservice(context.window_service); displaymetrics outmetrics = new displaymetrics(); wm.getdefaultdisplay().getmetrics(outmetrics); mscreenwidth = outmetrics.widthpixels; mscreenheight = outmetrics.heightpixels; } private void initview() { holder = getholder();//获得surfaceholder引用 holder.addcallback(this); holder.settype(surfaceholder.surface_type_push_buffers);//设置类型 } @override public void surfacecreated(surfaceholder holder) { log.i(tag, "surfacecreated"); if (mcamera == null) { mcamera = camera.open();//开启相机 try { mcamera.setpreviewdisplay(holder);//摄像头画面显示在surface上 } catch (ioexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } } @override public void surfacechanged(surfaceholder holder, int format, int width, int height) { log.i(tag, "surfacechanged"); mcamera.startpreview(); } @override public void surfacedestroyed(surfaceholder holder) { log.i(tag, "surfacedestroyed"); mcamera.stoppreview();//停止预览 mcamera.release();//释放相机资源 mcamera = null; holder = null; } @override public void onautofocus(boolean success, camera camera) { if (success) { log.i(tag, "onautofocus success="+success); } } }</code>
添加相机和自动聚焦限权
<code class="hljs xml"><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.camera"> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera.autofocus"></uses-feature></uses-permission></code>
将camerasurfaceview放在布局文件中,这里建议最外层为framelayout,后面会用到。如此,我们便有了一个没有照相功能的相机。初次之外,仔细观察相机显示画面,图片是不是变形严重?那是因为我们还没有为相机设置各种参数。在预览前要设置摄像头的分辨率、预览分辨率和图片分辨率的宽高比保持一致。这样图片才不会变形。这是个比较难以理解的部分,想深刻理解还需读者自己动手去实践。
<code class="hljs java"> private void setcameraparams(camera camera, int width, int height) { log.i(tag,"setcameraparams width="+width+" height="+height); camera.parameters parameters = mcamera.getparameters(); // 获取摄像头支持的picturesize列表 list<camera.size> picturesizelist = parameters.getsupportedpicturesizes(); for (camera.size size : picturesizelist) { log.i(tag, "picturesizelist size.width=" + size.width + " size.height=" + size.height); } /**从列表中选取合适的分辨率*/ camera.size picsize = getpropersize(picturesizelist, ((float) height / width)); if (null == picsize) { log.i(tag, "null == picsize"); picsize = parameters.getpicturesize(); } log.i(tag, "picsize.width=" + picsize.width + " picsize.height=" + picsize.height); // 根据选出的picturesize重新设置surfaceview大小 float w = picsize.width; float h = picsize.height; parameters.setpicturesize(picsize.width,picsize.height); this.setlayoutparams(new framelayout.layoutparams((int) (height*(h/w)), height)); // 获取摄像头支持的previewsize列表 list<camera.size> previewsizelist = parameters.getsupportedpreviewsizes(); for (camera.size size : previewsizelist) { log.i(tag, "previewsizelist size.width=" + size.width + " size.height=" + size.height); } camera.size presize = getpropersize(previewsizelist, ((float) height) / width); if (null != presize) { log.i(tag, "presize.width=" + presize.width + " presize.height=" + presize.height); parameters.setpreviewsize(presize.width, presize.height); } parameters.setjpegquality(100); // 设置照片质量 if (parameters.getsupportedfocusmodes().contains(android.hardware.camera.parameters.focus_mode_continuous_picture)) { parameters.setfocusmode(android.hardware.camera.parameters.focus_mode_continuous_picture);// 连续对焦模式 } mcamera.cancelautofocus();//自动对焦。 mcamera.setdisplayorientation(90);// 设置previewdisplay的方向,效果就是将捕获的画面旋转多少度显示 mcamera.setparameters(parameters); } /** * 从列表中选取合适的分辨率 * 默认w:h = 4:3 *<p>注意:这里的w对应屏幕的height * h对应屏幕的width</p></camera.size></camera.size></code> */ private camera.size getpropersize(list picturesizelist, float screenratio) { log.i(tag, "screenratio=" + screenratio); camera.size result = null; for (camera.size size : picturesizelist) { float currentratio = ((float) size.width) / size.height; if (currentratio - screenratio == 0) { result = size; break; } } if (null == result) { for (camera.size size : picturesizelist) { float curratio = ((float) size.width) / size.height; if (curratio == 4f / 3) {// 默认w:h = 4:3 result = size; break; } } } return result; }
进去的是屏幕宽高,出来的是调整好了的参数。在surfacechanged方法中执行mcamera.startpreview(); 前调用setcameraparams(mcamera, mscreenwidth, mscreenheight); 就可以了。最后要在androidmanifest.xml里设置activity的方向android:screenorientation="portrait"代码里有很多注释,其中也有我自己调试时候的log,大家可以自己调试下,看看不同参数的效果。昨天调参数搞到一点多,都在折腾这个函数。唉,一把辛酸泪。
身为一个相机,居然不能照相?真是太丢脸了!下面给我们的相机添加上照相的功能。照相核心代码就一句:mcamera.takepicture(null, null, jpeg);
可以看到takepicture方法有三个参数,分别是shuttercallback、picturecallback和picturecallback。这里我们只用了picturecallback
<code class="hljs java"> // 拍照瞬间调用 private camera.shuttercallback shutter = new camera.shuttercallback() { @override public void onshutter() { log.i(tag,"shutter"); } }; // 获得没有压缩过的图片数据 private camera.picturecallback raw = new camera.picturecallback() { @override public void onpicturetaken(byte[] data, camera camera) { log.i(tag, "raw"); } }; //创建jpeg图片回调数据对象 private camera.picturecallback jpeg = new camera.picturecallback() { @override public void onpicturetaken(byte[] data, camera camera) { bufferedoutputstream bos = null; bitmap bm = null; try { // 获得图片 bm = bitmapfactory.decodebytearray(data, 0, data.length); if (environment.getexternalstoragestate().equals(environment.media_mounted)) { log.i(tag, "environment.getexternalstoragedirectory()="+environment.getexternalstoragedirectory()); string filepath = "/sdcard/dyk"+system.currenttimemillis()+".jpg";//照片保存路径 file file = new file(filepath); if (!file.exists()){ file.createnewfile(); } bos = new bufferedoutputstream(new fileoutputstream(file)); bm.compress(bitmap.compressformat.jpeg, 100, bos);//将图片压缩到流中 }else{ toast.maketext(mcontext,"没有检测到内存卡", toast.length_short).show(); } } catch (exception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } finally { try { bos.flush();//输出 bos.close();//关闭 bm.recycle();// 回收bitmap空间 mcamera.stoppreview();// 关闭预览 mcamera.startpreview();// 开启预览 } catch (ioexception e) { e.printstacktrace(); } } } };</code>
在jpeg的onpicturetaken里。我们将存储照片信息的byte[] data解析成bitmap,然后转换成jpg格式的图片保存在sd卡中。注意finally中最后两句mcamera.stoppreview();// 关闭预览 mcamera.startpreview();// 开启预览 上文也提到:当调用camera.takepiture方法后,camera关闭了预览,这时需要调用startpreview()来重新开启预览。如果不再次开启预览,则会一直停留在拍摄照片画面。为了方便外部调用拍照。这里我暴露了一个方法供外部拍照。
<code class="hljs cs"> public void takepicture(){ //设置参数,并拍照 setcameraparams(mcamera, mscreenwidth, mscreenheight); // 当调用camera.takepiture方法后,camera关闭了预览,这时需要调用startpreview()来重新开启预览 mcamera.takepicture(null, null, jpeg); }</code>
在布局文件中添加一个button,点击button执行takepicture()方法。不要忘了添加写sd卡限权
<code class="hljs xml"><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.write_external_storage"></uses-permission></code>
至此,一个具有照相并保存拍摄图片功能的相机就做出来了。but,我们就此满足了吗?要是为了这些简单的功能我也不会写这篇博客。这只是个开始
真正的开始
昨天看见别的app在照相的时候,屏幕上居然可以显示像效果图那样的框框啦、辅助点啦、图片bulabulabula~。在网上搜索一番实现方式,再加上一些自己的理解,构成了这篇博客。
上文布局文件一直没有贴,现在贴出来大家先扫一眼,有些控件会在接下来展示
<code class="hljs xml"><!--?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?--> <framelayout android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_width="match_parent" xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"> <com.dyk.cameratest.view.camerasurfaceview android:id="@+id/camerasurfaceview" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_width="match_parent"> <com.dyk.cameratest.view.rectoncamera android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_width="match_parent"> <relativelayout android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_width="match_parent"> </relativelayout></com.dyk.cameratest.view.rectoncamera></com.dyk.cameratest.view.camerasurfaceview></framelayout></code><button android:background="#88427ac7" android:id="@+id/takepic" android:layout_alignparentbottom="true" android:layout_centerhorizontal="true" android:layout_height="50dp" android:layout_marginbottom="20dp" android:layout_width="80dp" android:text="拍照" android:textcolor="#aaa"><code class="hljs xml"> </code></button>
布局文件的最外层是个framelayout,我们知道framelayout是自带覆盖效果的。由来这个思路接下来就很简单了。编程重要的是思想,思想有了,其余的就剩具体的实现细节。
自定义边边框框
为了和camerasurfaceview区分开,再自定义一个rectoncamera专门用来画边边框框这些东西。这样做还一个好处是方便维护,不至于将所有东西都放在一个view中。
rectoncamera
<code class="hljs java">package com.dyk.cameratest.view; import android.content.context; import android.graphics.canvas; import android.graphics.color; import android.graphics.paint; import android.graphics.point; import android.graphics.rectf; import android.util.attributeset; import android.util.displaymetrics; import android.util.log; import android.view.motionevent; import android.view.view; import android.view.windowmanager; /** * created by dyk on 2016/4/7. */ public class rectoncamera extends view { private static final string tag = "camerasurfaceview"; private int mscreenwidth; private int mscreenheight; private paint mpaint; private rectf mrectf; // 圆 private point centerpoint; private int radio; public rectoncamera(context context) { this(context, null); } public rectoncamera(context context, attributeset attrs) { this(context, attrs, 0); } public rectoncamera(context context, attributeset attrs, int defstyleattr) { super(context, attrs, defstyleattr); getscreenmetrix(context); initview(context); } private void getscreenmetrix(context context) { windowmanager wm = (windowmanager) context.getsystemservice(context.window_service); displaymetrics outmetrics = new displaymetrics(); wm.getdefaultdisplay().getmetrics(outmetrics); mscreenwidth = outmetrics.widthpixels; mscreenheight = outmetrics.heightpixels; } private void initview(context context) { mpaint = new paint(); mpaint.setantialias(true);// 抗锯齿 mpaint.setdither(true);// 防抖动 mpaint.setcolor(color.red); mpaint.setstrokewidth(5); mpaint.setstyle(paint.style.stroke);// 空心 int marginleft = (int) (mscreenwidth*0.15); int margintop = (int) (mscreenheight * 0.25); mrectf = new rectf(marginleft, margintop, mscreenwidth - marginleft, mscreenheight - margintop); centerpoint = new point(mscreenwidth/2, mscreenheight/2); radio = (int) (mscreenwidth*0.1); } @override protected void ondraw(canvas canvas) { super.ondraw(canvas); mpaint.setcolor(color.red); canvas.drawrect(mrectf, mpaint); mpaint.setcolor(color.white); log.i(tag, "ondraw"); canvas.drawcircle(centerpoint.x,centerpoint.y, radio,mpaint);// 外圆 canvas.drawcircle(centerpoint.x,centerpoint.y, radio - 20,mpaint); // 内圆 } } </code>
这里简单的画了一个类似二维码扫描的框框,还有一个类似聚焦的内外圆。那么问题来了,聚焦的内外圆要随着手指滑而改变位置,而且要有聚焦的效果。可又和具有聚焦功能的camerasurfaceview不是同一个类,不仅如此聚焦内外圆还完全覆盖了camerasurfaceview。要处理这种问题,需要接口回调。这就是思想下面的细节。现在虽然确定接口回调,但还有一个问题,camerasurfaceview类和rectoncamera类中都没有对方的对象或者引用。没错,通过共同持有rectoncamera和camerasurfaceview的activity可以实现此功能。下面是具体的实现方法。
动起来
首先,想要随着手指的滑动而改变rectoncamera的位置肯定是要复写ontouchevent()方法
<code class="hljs cs"> @override public boolean ontouchevent(motionevent event) { switch (event.getaction()){ case motionevent.action_down: case motionevent.action_move: case motionevent.action_up: int x = (int) event.getx(); int y = (int) event.gety(); centerpoint = new point(x, y); invalidate(); return true; } return true; }</code>
其次,定义回调接口
<code class="hljs java"> private iautofocus miautofocus; /** 聚焦的回调接口 */ public interface iautofocus{ void autofocus(); } public void setiautofocus(iautofocus miautofocus) { this.miautofocus = miautofocus; }</code>
在ontouchevent()中return前加入
<code class="hljs cs"> if (miautofocus != null){ miautofocus.autofocus(); }</code>
至此我们的回调接口已经定义好了,此时还需要camerasurfaceview暴露一个聚焦方法,以便activity调用
<code class="hljs cs"> public void setautofocus(){ mcamera.autofocus(this); }</code>
准备工作已经全部完成,下面请看activity的具体实现:
<code class="hljs java">public class mainactivity extends activity implements view.onclicklistener,rectoncamera.iautofocus{ private camerasurfaceview mcamerasurfaceview; private rectoncamera mrectoncamera; private button takepicbtn; private boolean isclicked; @override protected void oncreate(bundle savedinstancestate) { super.oncreate(savedinstancestate); requestwindowfeature(window.feature_no_title); // 全屏显示 getwindow().setflags(windowmanager.layoutparams.flag_fullscreen,windowmanager.layoutparams.flag_fullscreen); setcontentview(r.layout.activity_main); mcamerasurfaceview = (camerasurfaceview) findviewbyid(r.id.camerasurfaceview); mrectoncamera = (rectoncamera) findviewbyid(r.id.rectoncamera); takepicbtn= (button) findviewbyid(r.id.takepic); mrectoncamera.setiautofocus(this); takepicbtn.setonclicklistener(this); } @override public void onclick(view v) { switch (v.getid()){ case r.id.takepic: mcamerasurfaceview.takepicture(); break; default: break; } } @override public void autofocus() { mcamerasurfaceview.setautofocus(); } } </code>
可以看到,mainactivity实现了iautofocus接口,并且在复写的iautofocus#autofocus()方法中,调用了camerasurfaceview暴露出来的方法setautofocus()。至此,在rectoncamera每次的滑动过程中都会改变聚焦内外圆的位置,还会增加聚焦功能。一心二用甚至一心多用岂不是更好。
好了,android自定义照相机教程到此结束,希望对大家有所帮助!
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