MySQL CLUSTER(集群）系列 (2.另类在线增加节点-online hotplugin) MySQLLinux配置管理VmwareSQL Server
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2024-02-28 17:06:52
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一、介绍
这篇文档旨在介绍如何设计MySQL集群，制做集群模板，有效规避mysql限制。（此文为二管理，四存储，八数据的模块制作）
安装环境及软件包：
vmware workstation 5.5.3
mysql-5.2.3-falcon-alpha.tar.gz
gentoo 2006.1
(每机单网卡多ip)
Server1: 192.168.1.111 (ndb_mgmd, id=1)
Server1: 192.168.1.112 (ndbd ,id=3)
server1: 192.168.1.113 (ndbd,id=4)
Server2: 192.168.1.110 (ndb_mgmd,id=2)
server2: 192.168.1.109 (ndbd,id=5)
server2: 192.168.1.108 (ndbd,id=6)
二、在Server1和Server2上安装MySQL
以下步骤需要在Server1和Server2上各做一次
# mv mysql-5.2.3-falcon-alpha.tar.gz /tmp/package
# cd /tmp/package
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.2.3-falcon-alpha.tar.gz
# rm -f mysql-5.2.3-falcon-alpha.tar.gz
# mv mysql-5.2.3-falcon-alpha mysql
# cd mysql
# ./configure –prefix=/usr –with-extra-charsets=complex –with-plugin-ndbcluster –with-plugin-partition –with-plugin-innobase
# make && make install
#ln -s /usr/libexec/ndbd /usr/bin
#ln -s /usr/libexec/ndb_mgmd /usr/bin
#ln -s /usr/libexec/ndb_cpcd /usr/bin
#ln -s /usr/libexec/mysqld /usr/bin
#ln -s /usr/libexec/mysqlmanager /usr/bin
#mysql_install_db –user=mysql
三、安装并配置节点
以下步骤需要在Server1和Server2上各做一次
1.配置管理节点配置文件：
# mkdir /var/lib/mysql-cluster
# cd /var/lib/mysql-cluster
# vi config.ini
在config.ini中添加如下内容：
[ndbd default]
NoOfReplicas= 4 (此文有四个存储节点）
MaxNoOfConcurrentOperations= 10000
DataMemory= 80M
IndexMemory= 24M
TimeBetweenWatchDogCheck= 30000
DataDir= /var/lib/mysql-cluster
MaxNoOfOrderedIndexes= 512
[ndb_mgmd default]
DataDir= /var/lib/mysql-cluster
[ndb_mgmd]
Id=1
HostName= 192.168.1.111
[ndb_mgmd]
Id=2
HostName= 192.168.1.110
[ndbd]
Id= 3
HostName= 192.168.1.112
[ndbd]
Id= 4
HostName= 192.168.1.113
[ndbd]
Id= 5
HostName= 192.168.1.109
[ndbd]
Id= 6
HostName= 192.168.1.108
[mysqld]
[mysqld]
[mysqld]
[mysqld]
[mysqld]
[mysqld]
[mysqld]
[mysqld] 共八个mysqld定义
[tcp default]
PortNumber= 63132
2.配置通用my.cnf文件，mysqld及ndbd,ndb_mgmd均使用此文件.
# vi /etc/my.cnf
在my.cnf中添加如下内容：
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=ndbcluster 避免在sql语句中还要加入ENGINE=NDBCLUSTER。
ndbcluster
ndb-connectstring=192.168.1.111,192.168.1.110
[ndbd]
connect-string=192.168.1.111,192.168.1.110
[ndb_mgm]
connect-string=192.168.1.111,192.168.1.110
[ndb_mgmd]
config-file=/var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini
[mysql_cluster]
ndb-connectstring= 192.168.1.111,192.168.1.110
保存退出后，启动管理节点Server1为：
# ndb_mgmd –ndb_nodeid=1
启动管理节点Server2为：
# ndb_mgmd –ndb_nodeid=2
四、初始化集群
在Server1中
# ndbd –bind_address=192.168.1.112 –nodeid=3 –initial
#ndbd –bind_address=192.168.1.113–nodeid=4 –initial
在Server2中
#ndbd –bind_address=192.168.1.109 –nodeid=5 –initial
#ndbd –bind_address=192.168.1.108 –nodeid=6 –initial
注：只有在第一次启动ndbd时或者对config.ini进行改动后才需要使用–initial参数！
五、检查工作状态
在任意一台机子上启动管理终端：
# ndb_mgm
键入show命令查看当前工作状态：（下面是一个状态输出示例）
– NDB Cluster — Management Client –
ndb_mgm> show
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.111:1186
Cluster Configuration
———————
[ndbd(NDB)] 4 node(s)
id=3 @192.168.1.111 (Version: 5.2.3, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
id=4 @192.168.1.110 (Version: 5.2.3, Nodegroup: 0)
id=5 @192.168.1.109 (Version: 5.2.3, Nodegroup: 0)
id=6 @192.168.1.108 (Version: 5.2.3, Nodegroup: 0)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 2 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.1.111 (Version: 5.2.3)
id=2 @192.168.1.110 (Version: 5.2.3)
[mysqld(API)] 8 node(s)
id=7 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=8 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=9 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=10 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=11 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=12 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=13 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=14 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
ndb_mgm>
如果上面没有问题，现在开始加入mysqld(API)：
注意，这篇文档对于MySQL并没有设置root密码，推荐你自己设置Server1和Server2的MySQL root密码。
在Server1 中：
#mysqld_safe –ndb_nodeid=7 –user=mysql &
在Server2 中：
#mysqld_safe –ndb_nodeid=8 –user=mysql &
# ndb_mgm -e show
信息如下：
Connected to Management Server at: 192.168.1.111:1186
Cluster Configuration
———————
[ndbd(NDB)] 4 node(s)
id=3 @192.168.1.111 (Version: 5.2.3, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
id=4 @192.168.1.110 (Version: 5.2.3, Nodegroup: 0)
id=5 @192.168.1.109 (Version: 5.2.3, Nodegroup: 0)
id=6 @192.168.1.108 (Version: 5.2.3, Nodegroup: 0)
[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 2 node(s)
id=1 @192.168.1.111 (Version: 5.2.3)
id=2 @192.168.1.110 (Version: 5.2.3)
[mysqld(API)] 4 node(s)
id=5 @192.168.1.111 (Version: 5.2.3)
id=6 @192.168.1.110 (Version: 5.2.3)
id=7 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=8 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=9 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=10 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=11 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
id=12 (not connected, accepting connect from any host)
ok，可以测试了：
在Server1 中
# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
>create database aa;
> use aa;
> CREATE TABLE ctest (i INT) ；
> INSERT INTO ctest () VALUES (1);
> SELECT * FROM ctest;
应该可以看到1 row returned信息（返回数值1）。
如果上述正常，则换到Server2，观察效果。如果成功，则在Server2中执行INSERT再换回到Server1观察是否工作正常。
如果都没有问题，那么恭喜成功！至此模板制作完成。
注意：在模板制作完成的过程中，测试过程完成了对集群的初次读写，若跳过测试（跳过读写），在集群未协同工作前进行下面的操作，则进行下面的操作毫无意义。因为，集群初始后只在/var/lib/mysql-cluster/下建了几个空目录，还没有正常协同工作.
六、备份/var/lib/mysql-cluster/下的相应ndb_*_fs，留做以后使用。
七、原理：
ndbd –initial初始集群结构，在官方文档中增加节点要bakcup后restore要initial的主要是存储节点，管理节点和数据节点都可用集群restart实现.
而存储节点特点是只要一个有效，则整个集群可以正常工作,因此，在模板完成后，未使用的存储节点可以当做故障节点，当启用时,存储节点可以通过其内部达到同步.
缺点，在集群启动时，每个未使用存储节点默认等待启用时间为60秒，造成集群启动时间加长，可以能通过设置参数设小，不推荐。
八、 实现：
数据节点不用说了，管理节点两个也够用了，主要是存储节点了。
根据上面的步骤搭建一台服务器，拷贝相应的ndb_*_fs到/var/lib/mysql-cluster/下，机器ip符合config.ini中的定义，好了，可以启用了，简单吧。
对于现有设计，可以按官方文档增加修改节点的工作时，参考此文档，预留相应的空闲节点，为以后的工作增加便利。
MySQL CLUSTER(集群）系列 (3.lvs+keeplived+mysql cluster)
一、介绍
这篇文档旨在介绍如何结合lvs+keepalived实现mysql cluster的高可用及负载均衡。此文是在1文（双机高可用）基础上增加lvs+keepalived，稍加修改就可适合更多结点的集群.
安装环境及软件包：
vmware workstation 5.5.3
mysql-5.2.3-falcon-alpha.tar.gz
gentoo 2006.1
ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz
keepalived-1.1.13.tar.gz
linux-2.6.20.3.tar.bz2
iproute2-2.6.15-060110.tar.gz
Server1: 192.168.1.111 (ndb_mgmd, id=1)
Server2: 192.168.1.110 (ndb_mgmd,id=2)
二~六步参见1文(双机高可用)
以下步骤需要在Server1和Server2上各做一次
七、内核linux-2.6.20.3.tar.bz2安装
# tar xvjf linux-2.6.20.3.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src
#cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.20.3
#zcat /proc/config.gz .config
#make menuconfig
选择
· Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter) —> 后在
[ ] TCP: MD5 Signature Option support (RFC2385) (EXPERIMENTAL) 下出现
IP: Virtual Server Configuration —>
关天netfilter内的配置及Virtual Server的配置根据自己的需要选择。
选择
· IP: advanced router
Choose IP: FIB lookup algorithm (choose FIB_HASH if unsure) (FIB_HASH) —>
· IP: policy routing
# make all && make modules_install && make install
#vi /boot/grub.conf 加入
title=2.6.20.3
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.20.3 root=/你的根设备
#reboot (以新内核启动系统)
八、安装ipvsadm和keepalived
#tar -zxvf ipvsadm-1.24.tar.gz -C /tmp/package
# cd /tmp/package/ipvsadm-1.24
# make && make install
#tar -zxvf keepalived-1.1.13.tar.gz -C /tmp/package
#cd /tmp/package/keepalived-1.1.13
#vi keepalived/vrrp/vrrp_arp.c
将 26 #include 27
28 /* local includes */
29 #include “vrrp_arp.h”
30 #include “memory.h”
31 #include “utils.h”
修改为
26 /* local includes */
27 #include “vrrp_arp.h”
28 #include “memory.h”
29 #include “utils.h”
30#include 31
就是将#include 这行移到下面.
#./configure –prefix=/usr –with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/linux-2.6.20.3
#make && make install
#vi /etc/init.d/keepalived 加入以下内容
#!/sbin/runscript
# Copyright 1999-2004 Gentoo Foundation
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License v2
# $Header: /var/cvsroot/gentoo-x86/sys-cluster/keepalived/files/init-keepalived,v 1.3 2004/07/15 00:55:17 agriffis Exp $
depend() {
use logger
need net
}
checkconfig() {
if [ ! -e /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ] ; then
eerror “You need an /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf file to run keepalived”
return 1
fi
}
start() {
checkconfig || return 1
ebegin “Starting Keepalived”
start-stop-daemon –start –quiet –pidfile /var/run/keepalived.pid \
–startas /usr/sbin/keepalived
eend $?
}
stop() {
ebegin “Stopping Keepalived”
start-stop-daemon –stop –quiet –pidfile /var/run/keepalived.pid
eend $?
}
此为gentoo的keepalived的脚本.
#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/keepalived
#rc-update add keepalived default
#vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 加入
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id mysql_cluster
}
vrrp_sync_group VG1 { (此处是ha部分)
group {
VI_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
lvs_sync_daemon_interface eth0
virtual_router_id 1 (此处server1为1,server2为2)
priority 150
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass mysqlcluster
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.1.120
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.1.120 3306 { (此处定义负载均衡部分,使用DR方式)
delay_loop 6
lvs_sched wlc
lvs_method DR
persistence_timeout 60
ha_suspend
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.1.110 3306 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
}
}
real_server 192.168.1.111 3306 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_timeout 10
}
}
}
九,启动
#/etc/init.d/keepalived start
#ip addr list (未安装iproute2 ,无此命今,可以使用emerge iproute2安装,注意emerge是gentoo的命今)
出现类似下面的信息
eth0:
mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:6f:f9:21 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.111/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.120/32 scope global eth0 (此行表明虚拟的ip生效了)
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe6f:f921/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#tail /var/log/messages 可以查看更多信息.
类似如下
Keepalived: Starting Keepalived v1.1.13 (03/26,2007)
Keepalived_healthcheckers: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector…
Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Keepalived_healthcheckers: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Keepalived_healthcheckers: Configuration is using : 9997 Bytes
Keepalived: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=27738
Keepalived_vrrp: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector…
Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink reflector
Keepalived_vrrp: Registering Kernel netlink command channel
Keepalived_vrrp: Registering gratutious ARP shared channel
Keepalived_vrrp: Configuration is using : 36549 Bytes
Keepalived: Starting VRRP child process, pid=27740
Keepalived_healthcheckers: Activating healtchecker for service [192.168.1.110:3306]
Keepalived_healthcheckers: Activating healtchecker for service [192.168.1.111:3306]
IPVS: sync thread started: state = MASTER, mcast_ifn = eth0, syncid = 2
Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Transition to MASTER STATE
Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Keepalived_vrrp: VRRP_Group(VG1) Syncing instances to MASTER state
Keepalived_vrrp: Netlink: skipping nl_cmd msg…
十、结束语
此文档旨在从mysql cluster应用角度考虑如何更好的使用mysql及linux和相关工具.文中有不到及错误的地方敬请不吝指正。
超微服务器集群方案,已经在全球被广泛应用,
本文出自 51CTO.COM技术博客