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python 网络编程详解及简单实例

程序员文章站 2024-02-26 10:23:10
python 网络编程详解 网络编程的专利权应该属于Unix,各个平台(如windows、Linux等)、各门语言(C、C++、Python、Java等)所实现的符合自身...

python 网络编程详解

网络编程的专利权应该属于Unix,各个平台(如windows、Linux等)、各门语言(C、C++、Python、Java等)所实现的符合自身特性的语法都大同小异。在我看来,懂得了Unix的socket网络编程,其他的形式的网络编程方法也就知道了。这句话说得还不太严谨。准确的应该说成懂得了socket编程的原理,网络编程也就知道了,不同之处就在于每个平台,每个语言都有自己专享的语法,我们直接灵活套用就行了。

下面是用python实现的最基本的网络编程的例子,即依托于客户端-服务器的架构,实现客户端与服务器之间的单向“数据流通”。我们分别用两个方法来实现,一个方法是最原始的socket编程,另一个方法是利用python的面向对象对第一种方法进行封装实现,目的是减少实现透明性,便于快速开发。

要求:客户端输入数据,发送到服务端,服务器端生成(时间戳+数据)的封装数据回应客户端。由于socket编程包括两种:面向连接的和无连接的,这两种分别对应TCP数据流和UDP数据报文。所以,我们两种方法都进行实现。

一、Python socket编程

面向连接的TCP socket编程:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 3 from socket import *
from time import ctime 

# Address and Port
HOST = ''
PORT = 21567
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

# BuffSize
BUFSIZ = 1024

# build socket
tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
# bind socket
tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
# listen 5 client 
tcpSerSock.listen(5)

try:
  while True:
    print 'waiting for connection...'
    # build client socket
    tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept()
    print '...connect from:', addr

    # accept data and process
    while True:
      data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
      if not data:
        break
      tcpCliSock.send('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data))

      # close client socket 
      tcpCliSock.close()
except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt:
  tcpSerSock.close()
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from socket import *

# Address and Port 
HOST = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 21567
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

# BufferSize
BUFSIZ = 1024

#build socket 
tcpCliSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSocket.connect(ADDR)

while True:
  data = raw_input('> ')
  if not data:
    break
  # send data
  tcpCliSocket.send(data)
  # recv data
  data = tcpCliSocket.recv(BUFSIZ)
  if not data:
    break
  # show data
  print data
tcpCliSocket.close()

无连接的UDP socket编程

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from socket import *
from time import ctime 

# Address and Port 
HOST = ''
PORT = 8000
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

# BufferSize
BUFFSIZE = 1024
# build socket
udpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
# bind socket
udpSerSock.bind(ADDR)

try:
  while True:
    print 'waiting the message...'
    data, addr = udpSerSock.recvfrom(BUFFSIZE)
    print 'received the message: '+data+' from: ', addr
    udpSerSock.sendto('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), data), addr)
except EOFError, KeyboardInterrupt:
  udpSerSock.close()
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from socket import *

# Address and Port 
HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 8000
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

# BufferSize
BUFSIZ = 1024

# build socket 
udpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)

while True:
  data = raw_input('> ')
  udpCliSock.sendto(data, ADDR)
  data = udpCliSock.recvfrom(BUFSIZ)
  if not data:
    break
  print data 
udpCliSock.close()

二、基于封装类SocketServer的网络编程

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from SocketServer import TCPServer as TCP, StreamRequestHandler as SRH 
from time import ctime 

# Address and Port
HOST = ''
PORT = 21567
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

# BuffSize
BUFSIZ = 1024

# build RequestHandler
class MyRequestHandler(SRH):
  def handle(self):
    print '...connected from: ', self.client_address
    self.wfile.write('[%s] %s' % (ctime(), self.rfile.readline()))

# build TCPServer
TCPServ = TCP(ADDR, MyRequestHandler)
print 'waiting for connection...'
# loop to process
TCPServ.serve_forever()
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from socket import *

# Address and Port 
HOST = '127.0.0.1'
PORT = 21567
ADDR = (HOST, PORT)

# BufferSize
BUFSIZ = 1024

while True:
  # note: SocketServer 的请求处理器的默认行为是接受连接,
  # 得到请求,然后就关闭连接,所以需要多次连接
  tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
  tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)

  # process data
  data = raw_input('> ')
  if not data:
    break
  tcpCliSock.send('%s\r\n' % data)

  data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
  if not data:
    break
  print data.strip()
  tcpCliSock.close()

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