Mysql中的触发器简单介绍及使用案例

什么是触发器？

触发器是数据库的一个程序，他是用来监听着数据表的某个行为，一旦数据表的这个行为发生了，马上执行相应的sql语句

触发器的语法结构：

create trigger 触发器的名称触发器事件 on 监听的表名 for each row 行为发生后执行的sql语句

触发器事件组成：；两部分组成：

触发器事件发生的时间-----是在监听的表的行为 after before 常用的是after

触发器执行的内容：增删改

创建order 表的时候，需要注意，因为order在mysql中是一个关键字排序，为了避免错误的发生，我们可以添加反引号，表明这不是一个关键字

案例研究：

一旦生成订单，对应的库存表要减去相应的数据

（1）建两张表 ：一个商品goods表 一个订单order表
mysql> create table goods(goods_id int primary key auto_increment,goods_name var
char(64),shop_price decimal(10,2),goods_number int)engine=mysiam default charset
=utf8;

mysql> create table `order`(goods_id int primary key auto_increment,goods_name v
archar(64),buy_number int)engine=mysiam default charset=utf8;

mysql> insert into goods values(null,'nokian85',2000,35),(null,'iphone4s',4500,3
0),(null,'lnmia',5000,40),(null,'samsung',4200,20);

mysql> select*from goods;
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+
| goods_id | goods_name | shop_price | goods_number |
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+
| 1 | nokian85 | 2000.00 | 35 |
| 2 | iphone4s | 4500.00 | 30 |
| 3 | lnmia | 5000.00 | 40 |
| 4 | samsung | 4200.00 | 20 |
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+

（2）创建触发器
mysql> create trigger alter_goods_number after insert on `order` for each row up
date goods set goods_number=goods_number-5 where goods_id=1;

mysql> insert into `order` values(1,'nokian85',5);

mysql> select*from goods;
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+
| goods_id | goods_name | shop_price | goods_number |
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+
| 1 | nokian85 | 2000.00 | 30 |
| 2 | iphone4s | 4500.00 | 30 |
| 3 | lnmia | 5000.00 | 40 |
| 4 | samsung | 4200.00 | 20 |
+----------+------------+------------+--------------+


new 的使用 mysql> create trigger alter_goods_number after insert on `order` for each row up
date goods set goods_number=goods_number-new.buy_number where goods_id=new.goods
_id;

mysql> insert into `order` values(4,'samsung',5);

old 的使用

mysql> create trigger back_goods_number after delete on `order` for each row upd
ate goods set goods_number=goods_number+old.buy_number where goods_id=old.goods_
id;

mysql> delete from `order` where goods_id=1;

更新 (update将之前下的订单撤销，再重新下订单)

mysql> create trigger update_goods_number after update on `order` for each row u
pdate goods set goods_number=goods_number+old.buy_number-new.buy_number where go
ods_id=new.goods_id;

mysql> update `order` set buy_number = 10 ;