MySQL备份与恢复之冷备(1)
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2024-02-25 20:08:51
用一句话概括冷备,就是把数据库服务,比如mysql,oracle停下来,然后使用拷贝、...
用一句话概括冷备,就是把数据库服务,比如mysql,oracle停下来,然后使用拷贝、打包或者压缩命令对数据目录进行备份。如果数据出现异常,则可以通过备份数据恢复。冷备一般需要定制计划,比如什么时候做备份,每次对哪些数据进行备份等等。但是由于这样的备份占用过多的空间,对大数据量的环境下不一定适合,故生产环境很少使用。
冷备示意图
冷备实验
第一步,创建测试数据库,插入测试数据
mysql> use larrydb; database changed mysql> show tables; +-------------------+ | tables_in_larrydb | +-------------------+ | access | +-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop table access; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> clear mysql> show tables; empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> mysql> create table class( -> cid int, -> cname varchar(30)); query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show create table class \g; *************************** 1. row *************************** table: class create table: create table `class` ( `cid` int(11) default null, `cname` varchar(30) default null ) engine=innodb default charset=latin1 1 row in set (0.00 sec) error: no query specified mysql> create table stu( -> sid int, -> sname varchar(30), -> cid int) engine=myisam; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show create table stu \g; *************************** 1. row *************************** table: stu create table: create table `stu` ( `sid` int(11) default null, `sname` varchar(30) default null, `cid` int(11) default null ) engine=myisam default charset=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec) error: no query specified mysql> insert into class values(1,'linux'),(2,'oracle'); query ok, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) records: 2 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0 mysql> desc class; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | field | type | null | key | default | extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | cid | int(11) | yes | | null | | | cname | varchar(30) | yes | | null | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> desc stu; +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | field | type | null | key | default | extra | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | sid | int(11) | yes | | null | | | sname | varchar(30) | yes | | null | | | cid | int(11) | yes | | null | | +-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into stu values(1,'larry01',1),(2,'larry02',2); query ok, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) records: 2 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0 mysql> select * from stu; +------+---------+------+ | sid | sname | cid | +------+---------+------+ | 1 | larry01 | 1 | | 2 | larry02 | 2 | +------+---------+------+
第二步,停掉mysql
[root@serv01 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop shutting down mysql... success!
第三步,创建备份目录,并修改拥有者和所属组
[root@serv01 ~]# mkdir /databackup [root@serv01 ~]# chown mysql.mysql /databackup/ -r [root@serv01 ~]# ll /databackup/ -d drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 sep 10 17:46 /databackup/ [root@serv01 ~]# cd /databackup/
第四步,冷备(使用tar命令)
[root@serv01 databackup]# tar -cvpzf mysql01.tar.gz
第五步,测试冷备的数据是否正常,我们删除掉data下的所有数据
[root@serv01 databackup]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
第六步,删除所有数据后数据库不能启动
[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start starting mysql.. error! the server quit without updating pid file (/usr/local/mysql/data/serv01.host.com.pid).
第七步,恢复数据(使用tar命令)
[root@serv01 databackup]# tar -xvpf mysql01.tar.gz
第八步,启动mysql,然后登录mysql,查看数据是否丢失,如果数据正常代表冷备成功
[root@serv01 databackup]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start starting mysql.. success! [root@serv01 ~]# mysql welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g. your mysql connection id is 1 server version: 5.5.29-log source distribution copyright (c) 2000, 2012, oracle and/or its affiliates. all rights reserved. oracle is a registered trademark of oracle corporation and/or its affiliates. other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use larrydb; database changed mysql> select * from class; +------+--------+ | cid | cname | +------+--------+ | 1 | linux | | 2 | oracle | +------+--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from stu; +------+---------+------+ | sid | sname | cid | +------+---------+------+ | 1 | larry01 | 1 | | 2 | larry02 | 2 | +------+---------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上就是实现mysql冷备的全部过程,大家对冷备有没有了大概的了解,希望这篇文章可以对大家的学习有所帮助。