Spring MVC实现mysql数据库增删改查完整实例

最近刚学了springmvc框架，感觉确实方便了不少，减少了大量的冗余代码。就自己做了个小项目练练手，这是个初级的springmvc应用的项目，没有用到mybatis，项目功能还算完善，实现了基本的增删改查的功能。

项目环境：

-系统：win10

-开发环境：eclipseoxygenreleasecandidate3（4.7）

-jdk版本：java1.8(121)

-mysql：5.7

-spring:4.0

-tomcat:8.5

用到的技术：

springmvcspringjspjdbcjavabeanjsjstl

访问地址：http://localhost:8080/你的项目名/all

声明：我只是一个刚入门不久的新手，所写代码难免有出错之处，如发现欢迎各位指出，谢谢大家。

下面就贴上详细过程

1.首先创建一个web项目(dynamicwebproject)

项目名字就自己写了，不再详细写

2. 这是我的已完成项目结构

我只是为了实现功能，没有用到接口，只用了简单的三个类，bean包下的实体类，dao层数据库访问类，controller层的界面控制类，

所有引用的jar包都在/webcontent/web-inf/lib文件夹下，这点与普通的java项目不同。

3. 具体java代码

1.student类，实体类 首先要写一个javabean，我的是student作为javabean，详细代码如下：

package bean;

public class student {

  private integer id;//学生id
  private string name;//学生姓名
  private double javascore;//java成绩
  private double htmlscore;//html成绩
  private double cssscore;//css成绩
  private double totalscore;
  public integer getid() {
  return id;
  }
  public void setid(integer id) {
  this.id = id;
  }
  public string getname() {
  return name;
  }
  public void setname(string name) {
  this.name = name;
  }
  public double getjavascore() {
  return javascore;
  }
  public void setjavascore(double javascore) {
  this.javascore = javascore;
  }
  public double gethtmlscore() {
  return htmlscore;
  }
  public void sethtmlscore(double htmlscore) {
  this.htmlscore = htmlscore;
  }
  public double getcssscore() {
  return cssscore;
  }
  public void setcssscore(double cssscore) {
  this.cssscore = cssscore;
  }
  public double gettotalscore() {
  return totalscore;
  }
  public void settotalscore(double totalscore) {
  this.totalscore = totalscore;
  }
}

2. studentdao,数据库访问操作类 然后是dao层即数据访问层的代码，这里使用的是spring封装的一个类(jdbctemplate)，里面有一些操作数据库的方法，不用再自己写大量重复代码，只要写sql语句。下面是具体代码：

package dao;

import java.sql.resultset;
import java.sql.sqlexception;
import java.sql.types;
import java.util.list;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.jdbctemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.rowmapper;

import bean.student;

public class studentdao {

  /**
   * @fields jdbctemplate : todo
   */

  private jdbctemplate jdbctemplate;

  /**
   * spring提供的类
   * 
   * @param jdbctemplate
   *      返回值类型： void
   * @author janinus
   */
  public void setjdbctemplate(jdbctemplate jdbctemplate) {
  this.jdbctemplate = jdbctemplate;
  }

  /**
   * 查询所有学生
   * 
   * @return 返回值类型： list<student>
   * @author janinus
   */
  public list<student> queryall() {
  string sql = "select id,name,javascore,htmlscore,cssscore from student";
  //将查询结果映射到student类中，添加到list中，并返回
  return jdbctemplate.query(sql, new studentmapper());
  }

  /**
   * 通过姓名查询
   * 
   * @param name
   * @return 返回值类型： list<student>
   * @author janinus
   */
  public list<student> querybyname(string name) {
  string sql = "select id,name,javascore,htmlscore,cssscore from student where name like '%" + name + "%'";
  return jdbctemplate.query(sql, new studentmapper());
  }

  /**
   * 添加学生
   * 
   * @param student
   * @return 返回值类型： boolean
   * @author janinus
   */
  public boolean addstu(student student) {
  string sql = "insert into student(id,name,javascore,htmlscore,cssscore) values(0,?,?,?,?)";
  return jdbctemplate.update(sql,
    new object[] { student.getname(), student.getjavascore(), student.gethtmlscore(),
      student.getcssscore() },
    new int[] { types.varchar, types.double, types.double, types.double }) == 1;
  }

  /**
   * 删除学生
   * 
   * @param id
   * @return 返回值类型： boolean
   * @author janinus
   */
  public boolean deletestu(integer id) {
  string sql = "delete from student where id = ?";
  return jdbctemplate.update(sql, id) == 1;
  }

  /**
   * 更新学生信息
   * 
   * @param student
   * @return 返回值类型： boolean
   * @author janinus
   */
  public boolean updatestu(student student) {
  string sql = "update student set name=? ,javascore=?,htmlscore = ? ,cssscore = ? where id = ?";
  object stuobj[] = new object[] { student.getname(), student.getjavascore(), student.gethtmlscore(),
    student.getcssscore(), student.getid() };
  return jdbctemplate.update(sql, stuobj) == 1;
  }

  /**
   * 返回总成绩前n名学生
   * 
   * @param num
   * @return 返回值类型： list<student>
   * @author janinus
   */
  public list<student> topnum(int num) {
  string sql = "select id,name,javascore+htmlscore+cssscore from student order by javascore+htmlscore+cssscore desc ,name asc limit ?";
  return jdbctemplate.query(sql, new rowmapper<student>() {

    @override
    public student maprow(resultset rs, int rownum) throws sqlexception {
    // todo auto-generated method stub
    student student = new student();
    student.setid(rs.getint(1));
    student.setname(rs.getstring(2));
    student.settotalscore(rs.getdouble(3));
    return student;
    }
  }, num);
  }

  /**
   * 
   * studentmapper数据库映射
   * 
   * @classname studentmapper
   * @author janinus
   * @date 2017年6月27日
   * @version v1.0
   */

  class studentmapper implements rowmapper<student> {

  @override
  public student maprow(resultset rs, int rownum) throws sqlexception {
    // todo auto-generated method stub
    student student = new student();
    student.setid(rs.getint(1));
    student.setname(rs.getstring(2));
    student.setjavascore(rs.getdouble(3));
    student.sethtmlscore(rs.getdouble(4));
    student.setcssscore(rs.getdouble(5));

    return student;
  }

  }
}

3. studentcontroller ，前后端交互类 最后是与用户交互有关的控制层studentcontroller类，这个类主要用来将前后端联合，实现完整的交互。下面是具体代码：

package controller;

import org.springframework.context.applicationcontext;
import org.springframework.context.support.classpathxmlapplicationcontext;
import org.springframework.stereotype.controller;
import org.springframework.ui.model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestmapping;

import bean.student;
import dao.studentdao;

@controller
public class studentcontroller {

  /**
   * 
   * 从数据库中获取全部学生信息，将数据返回给主页index,jsp
   * 
   * @param model
   * @return 返回值类型： string
   * @author janinus
   */
  @requestmapping(value = "/all")
  public string queryall(model model) {
  applicationcontext context = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("applicationcontext.xml");
  //从ioc容器中获取dao
  studentdao dao = (studentdao) context.getbean("dao");
  model.addattribute("students", dao.queryall());
  model.addattribute("tops", dao.topnum(3));
  return "index.jsp";
  }

  /**
   * 通过姓名查找学生，使用模糊查找，将结果返回给index.jsp
   * 
   * @param name
   * @param model
   * @return 返回值类型： string
   * @author janinus
   */
  @requestmapping(value = "/querybyname")
  public string querybyname(string name, model model) {
  applicationcontext context = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("applicationcontext.xml");
  //从ioc容器中获取dao
  studentdao dao = (studentdao) context.getbean("dao");
  model.addattribute("students", dao.querybyname(name));
  model.addattribute("tops", dao.topnum(3));
  return "index.jsp";
  }

  /**
   * 添加新学生，并将结果返回给all页面，由all转发到主页
   * @param name
   * @param javascore
   * @param htmlscore
   * @param cssscore
   * @param model
   * @return 返回值类型： string
   * @author janinus
   */
  @requestmapping(value = "/add")
  public string addstu(string name, string javascore, string htmlscore, string cssscore, model model) {
  applicationcontext context = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("applicationcontext.xml");
  studentdao dao = (studentdao) context.getbean("dao");
  student student = new student();
  student.setname(name);
  student.setjavascore(double.parsedouble(javascore));
  student.sethtmlscore(double.parsedouble(htmlscore));
  student.setcssscore(double.parsedouble(cssscore));
  boolean result = dao.addstu(student);
  if (result)
    model.addattribute("msg", "<script>alert('添加成功！')</script>");
  else
    model.addattribute("msg", "<script>alert('添加成功！')</script>");
  return "all";
  }

  /**
   * 通过id删除学生
   * @param id
   * @param model
   * @return 返回值类型： string
   * @author janinus
   */
  @requestmapping(value = "/deletebyid")
  public string deletebyid(string id, model model) {
  applicationcontext context = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("applicationcontext.xml");
  studentdao dao = (studentdao) context.getbean("dao");
  boolean result = dao.deletestu(integer.parseint(id));
  if (result)
    model.addattribute("msg", "<script>alert('删除成功！')</script>");
  else
    model.addattribute("msg", "<script>alert('删除成功！')</script>");
  return "all";
  }

  /**
   * 
   * @param id
   * @param name
   * @param javascore
   * @param htmlscore
   * @param cssscore
   * @param model
   * @return 返回值类型： string
   * @author janinus
   */
  @requestmapping(value = "/update")
  public string updatestu(string id, string name, string javascore, string htmlscore, string cssscore, model model) {
  applicationcontext context = new classpathxmlapplicationcontext("applicationcontext.xml");
  studentdao dao = (studentdao) context.getbean("dao");
  student student = new student();
  student.setid(integer.parseint(id));
  student.setname(name);
  student.setjavascore(double.parsedouble(javascore));
  student.sethtmlscore(double.parsedouble(htmlscore));
  student.setcssscore(double.parsedouble(cssscore));
  boolean result = dao.updatestu(student);
  if (result)
    model.addattribute("msg", msg("修改成功"));
  else
    model.addattribute("msg", msg("修改失败"));
  return "all";
  }

  /**
   * 要弹出的页面消息
   * @param msg
   * @return 返回值类型： string
   * @author janinus
   */
  public string msg(string msg) {
  return "<script>alert('" + msg + "')</script>";
  }
}

所有的java代码已经完成，下面只剩下具体的xml配置和前端页面。

4.前端页面

由于是一个简单的小项目，我的js，css都在同一个页面，没有分开，只有两个页面，

1.index.jsp

主页，截图

编辑

详细代码：

<%@ page language="java" contenttype="text/html; charset=utf-8"
  pageencoding="utf-8"%>
  <%@ taglib prefix="fn" 
      uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %>
  <%@ taglib prefix="c" 
      uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>学生管理</title>
</head>
<style type="text/css">
  body{
    text-align: center;
  }
  .all{
    width:40%;
    margin: 20px 100px;
    text-align: center;
    height: 300px;
    float: left;

  }
  table{
    width: 80%;
    margin: 20px auto;
    font-size: 14px;

    overflow: auto;
  }
  #tab02{
    width: 80%;
    margin: 20px auto;
    font-size: 14px;


  }
  table th,table td{
    border-bottom: 1px #000 solid;
    line-height: 23px;
  }
  #edit_comm{
    width: 500px;
    margin: 20px auto;
    border-left: 3px solid #000;
    display: none;
  }
  #add_comm{
    width: 500px;
    margin: 20px auto;
    border-left: 3px solid #000;
  }
  #all_comm{
    height:600px;

  }
  .edit_stu{
    width:200px;
    height: 30px;
    background: #fff;
    font-family: "微软雅黑 light", "arial black";
    font-size: 18px;
    border: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #000;
    margin: 20px 10px;

  }




</style>
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
  $(function(){
    $("#cancel").click(function(){
      $("#add_comm").fadein();
      $("#edit_comm").fadeout();
    })

    $("input").addclass("edit_stu");
  })

  function refush(){
     window.location.href="all" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" ;
  }

  function add_reg(){
     var name = $("#add_edit_name").val();
    var javascore = $("#add_edit_java").val();
    var htmlscore = $("#add_edit_html").val();
    var cssscore=$("#add_edit_css").val();
    var namenot = name!=null&&name!='';
    var javascorenot = javascore!=null && javascore != '';
    var htmlscorenot = htmlscore!=null && htmlscore !='';
    var cssscorenot = cssscore !=null && cssscore != '';

    if(namenot&&javascorenot&&htmlscorenot&&cssscorenot)
    return true;
    else
      return false;
  }

  function delete_stu(id){
     var result = confirm("是否删除？");
     if(result)
       window.location.href="deletebyid?id=" rel="external nofollow" +id;

  }
  function edit_stu(id){

    var name = $("#name"+id).text();
    var java = $("#java"+id).text();
    var html = $("#html"+id).text();
    var css = $("#css"+id).text();
    $("#edit_id").val( id);
    $("#edit_name").val(name);
    $("#edit_java").val(java);
    $("#edit_html").val(html);
    $("#edit_css").val(css);
    $("#add_comm").fadeout();
    $("#edit_comm").fadein();
  }

</script>
<body>
${msg }
<h1 align="center">学生管理</h1>

<div id="all_comm" class="all" >

  <h2>所有学生</h2>
  <table id="items" >
    <tr>
    <td>id</td>
    <td>名称</td>
    <td>java分数</td>
    <td>html分数</td>
    <td>css分数</td>
      <td>操作</td>
    </tr>

    <c:foreach items="${students }" var="student" >
      <tr>
      <td id="id${student.id }">${student.id }</td>
      <td id="name${student.id }">${student.name }</td>
      <td id="java${student.id}">${student.javascore }</td>
      <td id="html${student.id }">${student.htmlscore }</td>
      <td id="css${student.id}">${student.cssscore }</td>
      <td ><a onclick="delete_stu(${student.id})">删除</a>|<a onclick="edit_stu(${student.id})">编辑</a></td>
      </tr>
    </c:foreach>

  </table>
  <table id="tab02">
  <h2>前三名</h2>
  <tr>
  <td>排名</td>
  <td>id</td>
  <td>姓名</td>
  <td>总分数</td>
  </tr>
   <c:foreach items="${tops }" var="student" varstatus="i">
      <tr>
      <td>第${i.index+1 }名</td>
      <td id="id${student.id }t">${student.id }</td>
      <td>${student.name }</td>
      <td id="name${student.id }t">${student.totalscore }</td>
      </tr>
    </c:foreach>
    </table>
  如不显示请：<a onclick="refush()" >点此刷新</a>
</div>
<div id="add_comm" class="all">
  <h2>查找学生</h2>
  <form action="querybyname" method="post" >
    <input type="text" placeholder="学生姓名" name="name" >
    <input type="submit" value="查找学生" >
  </form>
  <h2 id="edit_title">添加学生</h2>
  <form action="add" method="post" >
  <input type="text" placeholder="学生姓名" name="name" />
  <input type="text" placeholder="java成绩" name="javascore" />
  <input type="text" placeholder="html成绩" name="htmlscore" />
  <input type="text" placeholder="css成绩" name="cssscore" />
  <input type="submit" value="确定添加" />
  </form>
</div>
<div id="edit_comm" class="all">
  <h2 id="edit_title">编辑学生</h2>
  <form action="update" method="post">
  <input type="text" placeholder="要修改的id为" id="edit_id" name="id" value="要修改的id为" readonly="readonly"/><br> 
  <input type="text" placeholder="学生姓名" id="edit_name" name="name" />
  <input type="text" placeholder="java成绩" id="edit_java" name="javascore" >
  <input type="text" placeholder="html成绩" id="edit_html" name="htmlscore" />
  <input type="text" placeholder="css成绩" id="edit_css" name="cssscore" />
  <input type="submit" value="确定修改" />
  <input type="button" value="取消修改" id="cancel" class="edit_stu"/>
  </form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

2. login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contenttype="text/html; charset=utf-8"
  pageencoding="utf-8"%>
<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.01 transitional//en" "http://www.w3.org/tr/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center"><a href="all" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >进入主页</a></h1>
</body>
</html>

5. 详细文件配置

1. applicationcontext.xml

这是spring的ioc容器的配置文件，用来实现依赖注入，下面是具体代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemalocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"      
    default-autowire="byname" default-lazy-init="true" >
    <!--数据库数据源配置-->
    <bean id="datasource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.drivermanagerdatasource">
      <!--加载驱动类-->
      <property name="driverclassname" value="com.mysql.jdbc.driver"></property>
      <!--数据库访问地址-->
      <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"></property>
      <!--数据库访问用户名-->
      <property name="username" value="root"></property>
      <!--数据库访问密码-->
      <property name="password" value="123123"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- spring 提供的数据库事务管理 -->
    <bean id="txmanager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.datasourcetransactionmanager">
      <property name="datasource" ref="datasource"></property>
      </bean>
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txmanager"/>
    <!-- 配置javabean实体类 -->
    <bean id="studentbean" class="bean.student">
      <!--属性自动配置 -->
    </bean>
    <!--spring提供的数据库访问操作类 -->
    <bean id="jdbctemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.jdbctemplate"></bean>
    <!-- dao层类 -->
    <bean id="dao" class="dao.studentdao"></bean>
    <!-- 控制层类 ，这个配置无效-->
    <bean id="controller" class="controller.studentcontroller">
      <property name="dao" ref="dao"></property>
    </bean>


 </beans>

2. springmvc-servlet.xml,spring mvc配置类，

为我们实现了servlet的大部分代码，我们只需要写业务实现即可。下面是具体代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xsi:schemalocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
  <!-- 自动扫描指定包下的类 -->
  <context:component-scan base-package="controller" />
</beans>

3. web.xml

这是web工程的配置文件，下面是主要代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance"  
xsi:schemalocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee  
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<!--配置字符编码过滤器 ，由spring提供 -->
<filter>
  <filter-name>encodingfilter</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.characterencodingfilter</filter-class>
  <init-param>
    <param-name>encoding</param-name>
    <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
  </init-param>
</filter>
<!-- 配置欢迎界面 -->
<welcome-file-list>
  <welcome-file>/all</welcome-file>
  <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
  <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- 配置springmvc servlet -->
<servlet>
  <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.dispatcherservlet</servlet-class>
  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>


</web-app>

6.项目总结及附录

这个项目是个我的日常练习项目，为了更加熟练，我把完整的过程又回顾了一遍，又熟悉了很多，

项目用的jar包附录：

除了spring的包外，还有mysql-jbdc的jar包和jstl的jar包

下载地址:

spring框架jar包(可选版本）：spring官网

mysql-jdbc.jar（可选版本）：mysql官网

jstl.jar(可选版本）:maven官方地址

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