MySQL双Master配置的方法详解

刚刚抽空做了一下mysql 的主主同步。
把步骤写下来，至于会出现的什么问题，以后随时更新。这里我同步的数据库是test
1、环境描述。
主机：192.168.0.231（a）
主机：192.168.0.232（b）
mysql 版本为5.1.21
2、授权用户。
a：
mysql> grant replication slave,file on *.* to 'repl1'@'192.168.0.232' identified
 by '123456';
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
b：
mysql> grant replication slave,file on *.* to 'repl2'@'192.168.0.231' identified
 by '123456';
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
然后都停止mysql 服务器。

3、配置文件。
在两个机器上的my.cnf里面都开启二进制日志 。
a：
user = mysql
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id       = 1
binlog-do-db=test
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-do-db=test
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
log-slave-updates
slave-skip-errors=all

skip-name-resolve

sync_binlog=1
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=1

b：
user = mysql
log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id       = 2
binlog-do-db=test
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-do-db=test
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
log-slave-updates
slave-skip-errors=all

skip-name-resolve

sync_binlog=1
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=2
至于这些参数的说明具体看手册。
红色的部分非常重要，如果一个master 挂掉的话，另外一个马上接管。
紫红色的部分指的是服务器频繁的刷新日志。这个保证了在其中一台挂掉的话，日志刷新到另外一台。从而保证了数据的同步 。
4、重新启动mysql服务器。
在a和b上执行相同的步骤
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &
[1] 4264
[root@localhost ~]# 071213 14:53:20 mysqld_safe logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe: line 366: [: -eq: unary operator expected
071213 14:53:20 mysqld_safe starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data

5、进入mysql的shell。
a：
mysql> flush tables with read lock\g
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status\g
*************************** 1. row ***************************
file: mysql-bin.000007
position: 528
binlog_do_db: test
binlog_ignore_db: mysql
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

b：
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status\g
*************************** 1. row ***************************
file: mysql-bin.000004
position: 595
binlog_do_db: test
binlog_ignore_db: mysql
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
然后备份自己的数据，保持两个机器的数据一致。
方法很多。完了后看下一步。
6、在各自机器上执行change master to命令。
a：
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.0.232',
    -> master_user='repl2',
    -> master_password='123456',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',
    -> master_log_pos=595;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


b：
mysql> change master to
    -> master_host='192.168.0.231',
    -> master_user='repl1',
    -> master_password='123456',
    -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000007',
    -> master_log_pos=528;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

7、查看各自机器上的io进程和 slave进程是否都开启。
a：

mysql> show processlist\g
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 2
user: repl
host: 192.168.0.232:54475
db: null
command: binlog dump
time: 1590
state: has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
info: null
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 3
user: system user
host: 
db: null
command: connect
time: 1350
state: waiting for master to send event
info: null
*************************** 3. row ***************************
id: 4
user: system user
host: 
db: null
command: connect
time: 1149
state: has read all relay log; waiting for the slave i/o thread to update it
info: null
*************************** 4. row ***************************
id: 5
user: root
host: localhost
db: test
command: query
time: 0
state: null
info: show processlist
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

b：

mysql> show processlist\g
*************************** 1. row ***************************
id: 1
user: system user
host: 
db: null
command: connect
time: 2130
state: waiting for master to send event
info: null
*************************** 2. row ***************************
id: 2
user: system user
host: 
db: null
command: connect
time: 1223
state: has read all relay log; waiting for the slave i/o thread to update it
info: null
*************************** 3. row ***************************
id: 4
user: root
host: localhost
db: test
command: query
time: 0
state: null
info: show processlist
*************************** 4. row ***************************
id: 5
user: repl2
host: 192.168.0.231:50718
db: null
command: binlog dump
time: 1398
state: has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for binlog to be updated
info: null
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果红色部分没有出现，检查data目录下的错误文件。

8、释放掉各自的锁，然后进行插数据测试。
mysql> unlock tables;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

插入之前两个机器表的对比：
a：

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| t11_innodb     | 
| t22            | 
+----------------+
b：

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| t11_innodb     | 
| t22            | 
+----------------+
从a机器上进行插入
a：
mysql> create table t11_replicas
    -> (id int not null auto_increment primary key,
    -> str varchar(255) not null) engine myisam;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> insert into t11_replicas(str) values
    -> ('this is a master to master test table');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| t11_innodb     | 
| t11_replicas   | 
| t22            | 
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t11_replicas;
+----+---------------------------------------+
| id | str                                   |
+----+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | this is a master to master test table | 
+----+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


现在来看b机器：

mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| tables_in_test |
+----------------+
| t11_innodb     | 
| t11_replicas   | 
| t22            | 
+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t11_replicas;
+----+---------------------------------------+
| id | str                                   |
+----+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | this is a master to master test table | 
+----+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

现在反过来从b机器上插入数据：
b：

mysql> insert into t11_replicas(str) values('this is a test 2');
query ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t11_replicas;
+----+---------------------------------------+
| id | str                                   |
+----+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | this is a master to master test table | 
|  2 | this is a test 2                      | 
+----+---------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
我们来看a
a：
mysql> select * from t11_replicas;
+----+---------------------------------------+
| id | str                                   |
+----+---------------------------------------+
|  1 | this is a master to master test table | 
|  2 | this is a test 2                      | 
+----+---------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

好了。现在两个表互相为master。