ASP.NET中MVC使用AJAX调用JsonResult方法并返回自定义错误信息

一、如何用ajax调用jsonresult方法

比如fuckcontroller中添加有个返回jsonresult类型的方法fuckjson()：

<span class="kwd">public<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">jsonresult<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">fuckjson<span class="pun">()<span class="pln">
<span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
    <span class="kwd">return<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">new<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">jsonresult<span class="pun">()<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
        <span class="typ">data<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">new<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">list<span class="str"><string><span class="pun">()<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">{<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"fuck"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"shit"<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">},<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">jsonrequestbehavior<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">jsonrequestbehavior<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">allowget<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">};<span class="pln">
<span class="pun">}</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

如果我们直接在浏览器里调用，是可以看到结果的：

因为在浏览器地址栏直接输入这个地址，是一次get请求，这就是为毛上面的代码里要写jsonrequestbehavior.allowget。

用jquery ajax调用的代码如下：

<span class="pln">$<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">ajax<span class="pun">({<span class="pln">
    url<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"/fuck/fuckjson"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln">
    data<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="str">""<span class="pun">,<span class="pln">
    datatype<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"json"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln">
    type<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"post"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln">
    contenttype<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"application/json; charset=utf-8"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln">
    datafilter<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">function<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">(<span class="pln">data<span class="pun">)<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
        <span class="kwd">return<span class="pln"> data<span class="pun">;<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">},<span class="pln">
    success<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">function<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">(<span class="pln">data<span class="pun">)<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
        alert<span class="pun">(<span class="pln">data<span class="pun">);<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">}<span class="pln">
<span class="pun">})</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

url: "/fuck/fuckjson" 很显然是action的位置。data: "" 表示fuckjson()放方没有参数。datatype: "json"是理所当然的，我们返回的就是jsonresult。

二、返回自定义错误消息

默认情况下，如果ajax请求发生了错误。它最多只知道错误码，而无法显示具体的错误信息。但报错通常是需要的，所以我们先要写一个过滤器，作用是一旦发生exception，就给返回的json中的data属性加一个errormessage。并且，response的状态不能是200，不然ajax请求会以为没有发生错误。一般的服务器端错误代码是500。这个过滤器函数如下：

<span class="kwd">public<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">class<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">jsonexceptionfilterattribute<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">filterattribute<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">iexceptionfilter<span class="pln">
<span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
    <span class="kwd">public<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">void<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">onexception<span class="pun">(<span class="typ">exceptioncontext<span class="pln"> filtercontext<span class="pun">)<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
        <span class="kwd">if<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">(<span class="pln">filtercontext<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">requestcontext<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">httpcontext<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">request<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">isajaxrequest<span class="pun">())<span class="pln">
        <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
            filtercontext<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">httpcontext<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">response<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">statuscode<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> <span class="lit">500<span class="pun">;<span class="pln">
            filtercontext<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">exceptionhandled<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">true<span class="pun">;<span class="pln">
            filtercontext<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">result<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">new<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">jsonresult<span class="pln">
            <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
                <span class="typ">data<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">new<span class="pln">
                <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
                    errormessage <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> filtercontext<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">exception<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">message<span class="pln">
                <span class="pun">},<span class="pln">
                <span class="typ">jsonrequestbehavior<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">jsonrequestbehavior<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">allowget<span class="pln">
            <span class="pun">};<span class="pln">
        <span class="pun">}<span class="pln">
 
    <span class="pun">}<span class="pln">
<span class="pun">}</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

之后，我们要给fuckjson()方法加上这个“特征”（attribute在c#中最好不要翻译为属性），然后故意抛个错做测试。修改后的方法如下：

<span class="pun">[<span class="typ">jsonexceptionfilterattribute<span class="pun">]<span class="pln">
<span class="kwd">public<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">jsonresult<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">fuckjson<span class="pun">()<span class="pln">
<span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
    <span class="kwd">try<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
        <span class="kwd">throw<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">new<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">exception<span class="pun">(<span class="str">"oh shit!"<span class="pun">);<span class="pln">
        <span class="kwd">return<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">new<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">jsonresult<span class="pun">()<span class="pln">
        <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
            <span class="typ">data<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">new<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">list<span class="str"><string><span class="pun">()<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">{<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"fuck"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"shit"<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">},<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">jsonrequestbehavior<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> <span class="typ">jsonrequestbehavior<span class="pun">.<span class="typ">allowget<span class="pln">
        <span class="pun">};<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">}<span class="pln">
    <span class="kwd">catch<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">(<span class="typ">exception<span class="pln"> ex<span class="pun">)<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
        <span class="kwd">throw<span class="pln"> ex<span class="pun">;<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">}<span class="pln">
<span class="pun">}</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

捕获异常后，你也可以先记一下log、或是根据你自己的需要处理一下这个异常，然后再throw。

最后我们的ajax请求代码也得做修改，增加一个error的处理：

<span class="pln">$<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">ajax<span class="pun">({<span class="pln">
    url<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"/fuck/fuckjson"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln">
    data<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="str">""<span class="pun">,<span class="pln">
    datatype<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"json"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln">
    type<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"post"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln">
    contenttype<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="str">"application/json; charset=utf-8"<span class="pun">,<span class="pln">
    datafilter<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">function<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">(<span class="pln">data<span class="pun">)<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
        <span class="kwd">return<span class="pln"> data<span class="pun">;<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">},<span class="pln">
    success<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">function<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">(<span class="pln">data<span class="pun">)<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
        alert<span class="pun">(<span class="pln">data<span class="pun">);<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">},<span class="pln">
    error<span class="pun">:<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">function<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">(<span class="pln">fuckedobject<span class="pun">)<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
        <span class="kwd">try<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
            <span class="kwd">var<span class="pln"> json <span class="pun">=<span class="pln"> $<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">parsejson<span class="pun">(<span class="pln">fuckedobject<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">responsetext<span class="pun">);<span class="pln">
            alert<span class="pun">(<span class="pln">json<span class="pun">.<span class="pln">errormessage<span class="pun">);<span class="pln">
        <span class="pun">}<span class="pln"> <span class="kwd">catch<span class="pun">(<span class="pln">e<span class="pun">)<span class="pln"> <span class="pun">{<span class="pln">
            alert<span class="pun">(<span class="str">'something bad happened'<span class="pun">);<span class="pln">
        <span class="pun">}<span class="pln">
    <span class="pun">}<span class="pln">
<span class="pun">})</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

现在请求这个action，会发现response的状态已经是500了。并且返回了json格式的错误信息。