java使用google身份验证器实现动态口令验证的示例
最近有用户反应我们现有的短信+邮件验证,不安全及短信条数限制和邮件收验证码比较慢的问题,希望我们也能做一个类似银行动态口令的验证方式。经过对可行性的分析及慎重考虑,可以实现一个这样的功能。
怎么实现呢,是自己开发一个这样的app?这样成本太高了,为了节约成本,我们使用互联网使用比较多的google身份验证器。使用它,我们只需要开发服务端就可以了。
google身份验证器的原理是什么呢?客户端和服务器事先协商好一个密钥k,用于一次性密码的生成过程,此密钥不被任何第三方所知道。此外,客户端和服务器各有一个计数器c,并且事先将计数值同步。进行验证时,客户端对密钥和计数器的组合(k,c)使用hmac(hash-based message authentication code)算法计算一次性密码,公式如下:
hotp(k,c) = truncate(hmac-sha-1(k,c))
上面采用了hmac-sha-1,当然也可以使用hmac-md5等。hmac算法得出的值位数比较多,不方便用户输入,因
此需要截断(truncate)成为一组不太长十进制数(例如6位)。计算完成之后客户端计数器c计数值加1。用户将这一组十
进制数输入并且提交之后,服务器端同样的计算,并且与用户提交的数值比较,如果相同,则验证通过,服务器端将计数值
c增加1。如果不相同,则验证失败。
package com.auth.google; import java.security.invalidkeyexception; import java.security.nosuchalgorithmexception; import java.security.securerandom; import javax.crypto.mac; import javax.crypto.spec.secretkeyspec; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.base32; import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.base64; /** * * * google身份验证器,java服务端实现 * * @author yangbo * * @version 创建时间:2017年8月14日 上午10:10:02 * * */ public class googleauthenticator { // 生成的key长度( generate secret key length) public static final int secret_size = 10; public static final string seed = "g8gjevtbw5ovsv7avl47357438reyhreyuryetredldvks2m0qn7vxrs2im5mdancwgmcd2rvczx"; // java实现随机数算法 public static final string random_number_algorithm = "sha1prng"; // 最多可偏移的时间 int window_size = 3; // default 3 - max 17 /** * set the windows size. this is an integer value representing the number of * 30 second windows we allow the bigger the window, the more tolerant of * clock skew we are. * * @param s * window size - must be >=1 and <=17. other values are ignored */ public void setwindowsize(int s) { if (s >= 1 && s <= 17) window_size = s; } /** * generate a random secret key. this must be saved by the server and * associated with the users account to verify the code displayed by google * authenticator. the user must register this secret on their device. * 生成一个随机秘钥 * * @return secret key */ public static string generatesecretkey() { securerandom sr = null; try { sr = securerandom.getinstance(random_number_algorithm); sr.setseed(base64.decodebase64(seed)); byte[] buffer = sr.generateseed(secret_size); base32 codec = new base32(); byte[] bencodedkey = codec.encode(buffer); string encodedkey = new string(bencodedkey); return encodedkey; } catch (nosuchalgorithmexception e) { // should never occur... configuration error } return null; } /** * return a url that generates and displays a qr barcode. the user scans * this bar code with the google authenticator application on their * smartphone to register the auth code. they can also manually enter the * secret if desired * * @param user * user id (e.g. fflinstone) * @param host * host or system that the code is for (e.g. myapp.com) * @param secret * the secret that was previously generated for this user * @return the url for the qr code to scan */ public static string getqrbarcodeurl(string user, string host, string secret) { string format = "http://www.google.com/chart?chs=200x200&chld=m%%7c0&cht=qr&chl=otpauth://totp/%s@%s?secret=%s"; return string.format(format, user, host, secret); } /** * 生成一个google身份验证器,识别的字符串,只需要把该方法返回值生成二维码扫描就可以了。 * * @param user * 账号 * @param secret * 密钥 * @return */ public static string getqrbarcode(string user, string secret) { string format = "otpauth://totp/%s?secret=%s"; return string.format(format, user, secret); } /** * check the code entered by the user to see if it is valid 验证code是否合法 * * @param secret * the users secret. * @param code * the code displayed on the users device * @param t * the time in msec (system.currenttimemillis() for example) * @return */ public boolean check_code(string secret, long code, long timemsec) { base32 codec = new base32(); byte[] decodedkey = codec.decode(secret); // convert unix msec time into a 30 second "window" // this is per the totp spec (see the rfc for details) long t = (timemsec / 1000l) / 30l; // window is used to check codes generated in the near past. // you can use this value to tune how far you're willing to go. for (int i = -window_size; i <= window_size; ++i) { long hash; try { hash = verify_code(decodedkey, t + i); } catch (exception e) { // yes, this is bad form - but // the exceptions thrown would be rare and a static // configuration problem e.printstacktrace(); throw new runtimeexception(e.getmessage()); // return false; } if (hash == code) { return true; } } // the validation code is invalid. return false; } private static int verify_code(byte[] key, long t) throws nosuchalgorithmexception, invalidkeyexception { byte[] data = new byte[8]; long value = t; for (int i = 8; i-- > 0; value >>>= 8) { data[i] = (byte) value; } secretkeyspec signkey = new secretkeyspec(key, "hmacsha1"); mac mac = mac.getinstance("hmacsha1"); mac.init(signkey); byte[] hash = mac.dofinal(data); int offset = hash[20 - 1] & 0xf; // we're using a long because java hasn't got unsigned int. long truncatedhash = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) { truncatedhash <<= 8; // we are dealing with signed bytes: // we just keep the first byte. truncatedhash |= (hash[offset + i] & 0xff); } truncatedhash &= 0x7fffffff; truncatedhash %= 1000000; return (int) truncatedhash; } }
测试代码:
package com.auth.google; import org.junit.test; /** * * * 身份认证测试 * * @author yangbo * * @version 创建时间:2017年8月14日 上午11:09:23 * * */ public class authtest { //当测试authtest时候,把gensecrettest生成的secret值赋值给它 private static string secret="r2q3s52rnxbtftom"; //@test public void gensecrettest() {// 生成密钥 secret = googleauthenticator.generatesecretkey(); // 把这个qrcode生成二维码,用google身份验证器扫描二维码就能添加成功 string qrcode = googleauthenticator.getqrbarcode("2816661736@qq.com", secret); system.out.println("qrcode:" + qrcode + ",key:" + secret); } /** * 对app的随机生成的code,输入并验证 */ @test public void verifytest() { long code = 807337; long t = system.currenttimemillis(); googleauthenticator ga = new googleauthenticator(); ga.setwindowsize(5); boolean r = ga.check_code(secret, code, t); system.out.println("检查code是否正确?" + r); } }
具体使用方式(ios演示):
第一步:进入iphone的appstore,在搜索框中输入google身份验证器,如下图:
选择上图中的google authenticator 并安装。
第二步:运行下面链接中下载的demo中的authtest的gensecrettest方法,控制台打印的结果如下图:
key:为app与服务端约定的秘钥,用于双方的认证。
qrcode:是app扫码能够识别的就是二维码值,把它生成二维码如下图:
第三步:打开google authenticator app软件选择扫描条形码按扭打开相机对二维码扫描加入账号,如下图:
第四步:把app中的数字,在authtest的verifytest进行验证,如下图:
通过上面给大家分享了google身份认证器服务端key的生成和它生成的随机密码的验证。
上面使用的代码已上传到码云,下载地址:
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。