QCNA学习笔记-VRRP虚拟路由器冗余协议
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2024-02-17 11:54:40
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VRRP能够在不改变组网的情况下,将多台路由器虚拟成一个虚拟路由器,通过配置虚拟路由器的IP地址为默认网关,实现网关的备份。
协议版本:VRRPv2(常用)和VRRPv3
VRRPv2仅适用于IPv4网络,VRRPv3适用于IPv4和IPv6两种网络
VRRP协议报文:
只有一种报文:Advertisement报文,协议号是112
真实地址(接口的地址) VS 虚拟地址(网关地址)
Master设备(负责转发用户的流量) VS Backup设备(侦听Master)
思科华为配置VRRP
SW2:
interface Vlanif8
ip address 10.1.10.12 255.255.255.240
vrrp vrid 8 virtual-ip 10.1.10.14
vrrp vrid 8 priority 110
!
interface Vlanif8
ip address 10.1.10.13 255.255.255.240
vrrp vrid 8 virtual-ip 10.1.10.14
验证:
[SW1]display vrrp brief
VRID State Interface Type Virtual IP
----------------------------------------------------------------
8 Master Vlanif8 Normal 10.1.10.14
---------------------------------------------------------------
Total:1 Master:1 Backup:0 Non-active:0
[SW2]dis vrrp brief
VRID State Interface Type Virtual IP
----------------------------------------------------------------
8 Backup Vlanif8 Normal 10.1.10.14
---------------------------------------------------------------
Total:1 Master:0 Backup:1 Non-active:0
PC>ping 10.1.10.14
Ping 10.1.10.14: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 10.1.10.14: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=255 time=31 ms
From 10.1.10.14: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 10.1.10.14: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=255 time=32 ms
From 10.1.10.14: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 10.1.10.14: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=255 time=47 ms
--- 10.1.10.14 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/40/47 ms
PC>arp -a
Internet Address Physical Address Type
10.1.10.14 00-00-5E-00-01-08 dynamic
!
Cisco
SW1(config-if)#vrrp 8 ip 10.1.10.14
SW1(config-if)#vrrp 8 priority 110
SW2(config-if)#vrrp 8 ip 10.1.10.14
SW2#show vrrp brief
Interface Grp Pri Time Own Pre State Master addr Group addr
Vl8 8 100 3609 Y Backup 10.1.10.13 10.1.10.14
Master的选举原则
优先级数值较大者,(HW:如果已经选举出Master,后来者无效,除非优先级较大)2)
IP较大者。优先级:可视的取值范围(1-254),255不可配置(真实IP=虚拟IP时)
操控Master设备
一个重要原则:VRRP的master=STP的根(否则出现次优转发路径)
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