URI

前言

• jdk1.8
• java.net.URI 中关于URI的说明很详细。

URI格式

URI的格式可以概括为：[scheme:]scheme-specific-part[#fragment] 。
将URI格式细化一些，看起来是这样：[scheme:][//authority][path][?query][#fragment]
将URI格式再细化一些，看起来是这样：[scheme:][//[[email protected]]host[:port]][path][?query][#fragment]

为什么是这样呢？参考下面的文档。
JDK 中 java.net.URI 的介绍
RFC 2396: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax

解析URI示例

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		URI uri = URI.create("http://localhost:8080/admin/index?id=1&random=123321#user_info");
		System.out.println("scheme is : " + uri.getScheme());
		System.out.println("scheme-specific-part is : " + uri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
		System.out.println("fragment is : " + uri.getFragment());
		
		System.out.println("authority is : " + uri.getAuthority());
		System.out.println("path is : " + uri.getPath());
		System.out.println("query is : " + uri.getQuery());
		
		System.out.println("user-info is : " + uri.getUserInfo());
		System.out.println("host is : " + uri.getHost());
		System.out.println("port is : " + uri.getPort());
		
		System.out.println("username is : " + (null==uri.getUserInfo()?"":uri.getUserInfo().split(":", 2)[0]));
		System.out.println("password is : " + (null==uri.getUserInfo()?"":uri.getUserInfo().split(":", 2)[1]));
	}

}

执行结果：

scheme is : http
scheme-specific-part is : //localhost:8080/admin/index?id=1&random=123321
fragment is : user_info
authority is : localhost:8080
path is : /admin/index
query is : id=1&random=123321
user-info is : null
host is : localhost
port is : 8080
username is : 
password is : 

特殊字符转义

• + 转义后 %2B
• 空格 转义后 %20
• / 转义后 %2F
• ? 转义后 %3F
• % 转义后 %25
• # 转义后 %23
• & 转义后 %26
• = 转义后 %3D

URI示例

http://localhost:8080/admin/index?id=1&random=123321#user_info
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scheme is : http
scheme-specific-part is : //localhost:8080/admin/index?id=1&random=123321
fragment is : user_info
authority is : localhost:8080
path is : /admin/index
query is : id=1&random=123321
user-info is : null
host is : localhost
port is : 8080
username is : 
password is : 

redis://:[email protected]:6379/0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scheme is : redis
scheme-specific-part is : //:[email protected]:6379/0
fragment is : null
authority is : :[email protected]:6379
path is : /0
query is : null
user-info is : :123456
host is : 127.0.0.1
port is : 6379
username is : 
password is : 123456

redis://:nk%[email protected]:6379/0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scheme is : redis
scheme-specific-part is : //:nk#[email protected]:6379/0
fragment is : null
authority is : :nk#[email protected]:6379
path is : /0
query is : null
user-info is : :nk#123456
host is : 127.0.0.1
port is : 6379
username is : 
password is : nk#123456

file:///~/calendar
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scheme is : file
scheme-specific-part is : ///~/calendar
fragment is : null
authority is : null
path is : /~/calendar
query is : null
user-info is : null
host is : null
port is : -1
username is : 
password is : 

ftp://test:[email protected]:21/profile
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scheme is : ftp
scheme-specific-part is : //test:[email protected]:21/profile
fragment is : null
authority is : test:[email protected]:21
path is : /profile
query is : null
user-info is : test:123456
host is : 192.168.0.1
port is : 21
username is : test
password is : 123456

mailto:[email protected]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scheme is : mailto
scheme-specific-part is : [email protected]
fragment is : null
authority is : null
path is : null
query is : null
user-info is : null
host is : null
port is : -1
username is : 
password is : 

sip:[email protected]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scheme is : sip
scheme-specific-part is : [email protected]
fragment is : null
authority is : null
path is : null
query is : null
user-info is : null
host is : null
port is : -1
username is : 
password is : 

magnet:?xt=urn:sha1:YNCKHTQCWBTRNJIV4WNAE52SJUQCZO5C
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scheme is : magnet
scheme-specific-part is : ?xt=urn:sha1:YNCKHTQCWBTRNJIV4WNAE52SJUQCZO5C
fragment is : null
authority is : null
path is : null
query is : null
user-info is : null
host is : null
port is : -1
username is : 
password is : 

wss://zhangsan:[email protected]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
scheme is : wss
scheme-specific-part is : //zhangsan:[email protected]
fragment is : null
authority is : zhangsan:[email protected]
path is : 
query is : null
user-info is : zhangsan:123456
host is : example.com
port is : -1
username is : zhangsan
password is : 123456