MySQL5.6主从复制(mysql数据同步配置)
规划
master 192.168.56.2
slave 192.168.56.5
1、在主库上,设置一个复制使用的账户rep1,并授予replication slave权限。
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'rep1'@'192.168.56.2' identified by '123456'; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
2、修改主数据库服务器的配置文件my.cnf,开启binlog,并设置server-id的值。这两个参数的修改需要重新启动数据库服务才可以生效。
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=/home/mysql/log/mysql-bin.log
server-id=1
[root@rhel6 ~]# service mysql restart shutting down mysql.. [ ok ] starting mysql. [ ok ]
3、在主库上,设置读锁定有效,这个操作是为了确保没有数据库操作,以便获得一个一致性的快照。
mysql> flush tables with read lock; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
4、得到主库上当前的二进制日志名和偏移量值。这个操作的目的是为了从数据库启动以后,从这个点开始进行数据的恢复。
mysql> show master status; +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | file | position | binlog_do_db | binlog_ignore_db | executed_gtid_set | +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysqlbin.000021 | 120 | | | | +-----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.03 sec)
5、现在主数据库服务器已经停止了更新操作,需要生成主数据库的备份,备份的方式有很多种,可以直接在操作系统下复制全部的数据文件到从数据库服务器上,也可以通过mysqldump导出数据或者使用ibbackup工具进行数据库的备份。如果主数据库的服务可以停止,那么直接复制数据文件应该是最快的生成快照的方法:
[root@rhel6 lib]# tar -zcvf mysql.tar.gz mysql mysql/ tar: mysql/mysql.sock: socket ignored mysql/mysqlbin.000019 mysql/test1/ mysql/test1/db.opt mysql/test1/pack.myd mysql/test1/myisam2.frm mysql/test1/emp.ibd mysql/test1/mer_myisam.mrg mysql/test1/emp.frm mysql/test1/pri_t.trg .... 传到从数据库 [root@rhel6 lib]# scp mysql.tar.gz root@192.168.56.5:/root root@192.168.56.5's password: mysql.tar.gz 100% 1402kb 1.4mb/s 00:00
6、主数据库备份完毕后可恢复写操作,剩下的只需要在从库上执行
mysql> unlock tables; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
7、将主数据库的一致性备份恢复到从数据库上。如果是使用.tar.gz打包的文件包,只需要解开到相应的目录即可。
tar -zxvf mysql.tar.gz
8、修改从数据库的配置文件my.cnf,增加server-id参数。注意server-id的值必须是唯一的,不能和主数据库的配置相同,如果有多个从数据库服务器,每个从数据库服务器必须有自己唯一的server-id值。
vi my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=2
9、在从库上,使用--skip-slave-start选项启动数据库,这样不会立即启动从数据库服务上的复制进程,方便我们对从数据库的服务进行进一步的配置(可选)
mysqld_safe --skip-slave-start &
或者修改my.cnf,添加skip-slave-start参数,service mysql start
10、对从数据库服务器做相应设置,指定复制使用的用户,主数据库服务器的ip、端口以及开始执行复制的日志文件和位置等
mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.56.2', -> master_user='rep1', -> master_port=3306, -> master_password='123456', -> master_log_file='mysqlbin.000021', -> master_log_pos=120; query ok, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.08 sec)
11、在从库上,启动slave线程
mysql> start slave; query ok, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
12、从库上查看进程
mysql> show processlist \g; *************************** 1. row *************************** id: 1 user: root host: localhost db: zx command: query time: 0 state: init info: show processlist *************************** 2. row *************************** id: 4 user: system user host: db: null command: connect time: 1484 state: waiting for master to send event info: null *************************** 3. row *************************** id: 5 user: system user host: db: null command: connect time: 739 state: slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave i/o thread to update it info: null 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show slave status \g *************************** 1. row *************************** slave_io_state: waiting for master to send event master_host: 192.168.56.2 master_user: rep1 master_port: 3306 connect_retry: 60 master_log_file: mysqlbin.000021 read_master_log_pos: 652 relay_log_file: rhel6-relay-bin.000002 relay_log_pos: 814 relay_master_log_file: mysqlbin.000021 slave_io_running: yes slave_sql_running: yes replicate_do_db: replicate_ignore_db: replicate_do_table: replicate_ignore_table: replicate_wild_do_table: replicate_wild_ignore_table: last_errno: 0 last_error: skip_counter: 0 exec_master_log_pos: 652 relay_log_space: 987 until_condition: none until_log_file: until_log_pos: 0 master_ssl_allowed: no master_ssl_ca_file: master_ssl_ca_path: master_ssl_cert: master_ssl_cipher: master_ssl_key: seconds_behind_master: 0 master_ssl_verify_server_cert: no last_io_errno: 0 last_io_error: last_sql_errno: 0 last_sql_error: replicate_ignore_server_ids: master_server_id: 1 master_uuid: 3743271b-aa6d-11e6-aa2e-080027e5f5dd master_info_file: /mysqldata/master.info sql_delay: 0 sql_remaining_delay: null slave_sql_running_state: slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave i/o thread to update it master_retry_count: 86400 master_bind: last_io_error_timestamp: last_sql_error_timestamp: master_ssl_crl: master_ssl_crlpath: retrieved_gtid_set: executed_gtid_set: auto_position: 0 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
slave_io_running和slave_sql_running全部为yes才算搭建成功。如果出错查看报错原因。我搭建时遇到的两个错误:
(1)last_io_error: fatal error: the slave i/o thread stops because master and slave have equal mysql server uuids; these uuids must be different for replication to work.
原因:搭建时把主库整个目录复制过来的,主库和从库的uuid一致了,修改从库的uuid即可。
方法:修改$datadir/auto.cnf,按照16进制格式随便改一下,重启mysql即可。
(2)last_io_error: got fatal error 1236 from master when reading data from binary log: 'could not find first log file name in binary log index file'
原因:配置change master to时把master_log_file配置错误
方法:change master to master_log_file='mysqlbin.000021';start slave;即可。
13、测试复制的正确性
主库 mysql> create database zx; query ok, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) mysql> use zx; database changed mysql> create table t(id int); query ok, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec) mysql> insert into t values(1),(2),(3); query ok, 3 rows affected (0.01 sec) records: 3 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0 从库 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | data | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | test1 | | zx | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use zx reading table information for completion of table and column names you can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -a database changed mysql> select * from t; +------+ | id | +------+ | 1 | | 2 | | 3 | +------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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