MySQL 分表优化试验代码
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2024-02-11 17:30:34
这里的分表逻辑是根据t_group表的user_name组的个数来分的。因为这种情况单独user_name字段上的索引就属于烂索引。起不了啥名明显的效果。1、试验proce...
这里的分表逻辑是根据t_group表的user_name组的个数来分的。
因为这种情况单独user_name字段上的索引就属于烂索引。起不了啥名明显的效果。
1、试验procedure.
delimiter $$
drop procedure `t_girl`.`sp_split_table`$$
create procedure `t_girl`.`sp_split_table`()
begin
declare done int default 0;
declare v_user_name varchar(20) default '';
declare v_table_name varchar(64) default '';
-- get all users' name.
declare cur1 cursor for select user_name from t_group group by user_name;
-- deal with error or warnings.
declare continue handler for 1329 set done = 1;
-- open cursor.
open cur1;
while done <> 1
do
fetch cur1 into v_user_name;
if not done then
-- get table name.
set v_table_name = concat('t_group_',v_user_name);
-- create new extra table.
set @stmt = concat('create table ',v_table_name,' like t_group');
prepare s1 from @stmt;
execute s1;
drop prepare s1;
-- load data into it.
set @stmt = concat('insert into ',v_table_name,' select * from t_group where user_name = ''',v_user_name,'''');
prepare s1 from @stmt;
execute s1;
drop prepare s1;
end if;
end while;
-- close cursor.
close cur1;
-- free variable from memory.
set @stmt = null;
end$$
delimiter ;
2、试验表。
我们用一个有一千万条记录的表来做测试。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 10388608 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
表结构。
mysql> desc t_group;
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | no | pri | null | auto_increment |
| money | decimal(10,2) | no | | | |
| user_name | varchar(20) | no | mul | | |
| create_time | timestamp | no | | current_timestamp | |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
索引情况。
mysql> show index from t_group;
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| table | non_unique | key_name | seq_in_index | column_name | collation | cardinality | sub_part | packed | null | index_type | comment |
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| t_group | 0 | primary | 1 | id | a | 10388608 | null | null | | btree | |
| t_group | 1 | idx_user_name | 1 | user_name | a | 8 | null | null | | btree | |
| t_group | 1 | idx_combination1 | 1 | user_name | a | 8 | null | null | | btree | |
| t_group | 1 | idx_combination1 | 2 | money | a | 3776 | null | null | | btree | |
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
ps:
idx_combination1 这个索引是必须的，因为要对user_name来group by。此时属于松散索引扫描！当然完了后你可以干掉她。
idx_user_name 这个索引是为了加快单独执行constant这种类型的查询。
我们要根据用户名来分表。
mysql> select user_name from t_group where 1 group by user_name;
+-----------+
| user_name |
+-----------+
| david |
| leo |
| livia |
| lucy |
| sarah |
| simon |
| sony |
| sunny |
+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
所以结果表应该是这样的。
mysql> show tables like 't_group_%';
+------------------------------+
| tables_in_t_girl (t_group_%) |
+------------------------------+
| t_group_david |
| t_group_leo |
| t_group_livia |
| t_group_lucy |
| t_group_sarah |
| t_group_simon |
| t_group_sony |
| t_group_sunny |
+------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、对比结果。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group where user_name = 'david';
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1298576 |
+----------+
1 row in set (1.71 sec)
执行了将近2秒。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group_david;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1298576 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
几乎是瞬间的。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group where user_name <> 'david';
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 9090032 |
+----------+
1 row in set (9.26 sec)
执行了将近10秒，可以想象，这个是实际的项目中是不能忍受的。
mysql> select (select count(*) from t_group) - (select count(*) from t_group_david) as total;
+---------+
| total |
+---------+
| 9090032 |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
几乎是瞬间的。
我们来看看聚集函数。
对于原表的操作。
mysql> select min(money),max(money) from t_group where user_name = 'david';
+------------+------------+
| min(money) | max(money) |
+------------+------------+
| -6.41 | 500.59 |
+------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
最小，最大值都是full index scan。所以是瞬间的。
mysql> select sum(money),avg(money) from t_group where user_name = 'david';
+--------------+------------+
| sum(money) | avg(money) |
+--------------+------------+
| 319992383.84 | 246.417910 |
+--------------+------------+
1 row in set (2.15 sec)
其他聚集函数的结果就不是full index scan了。耗时2.15秒。
对于小表的操作。
mysql> select min(money),max(money) from t_group_david;
+------------+------------+
| min(money) | max(money) |
+------------+------------+
| -6.41 | 500.59 |
+------------+------------+
1 row in set (1.50 sec)
最大最小值完全是full table scan,耗时1.50秒，不划算。以此看来。
mysql> select sum(money),avg(money) from t_group_david;
+--------------+------------+
| sum(money) | avg(money) |
+--------------+------------+
| 319992383.84 | 246.417910 |
+--------------+------------+
1 row in set (1.68 sec)
取得这两个结果也是花了快2秒，快了一点。
我们来看看这个小表的结构。
mysql> desc t_group_david;
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | no | pri | null | auto_increment |
| money | decimal(10,2) | no | | | |
| user_name | varchar(20) | no | mul | | |
| create_time | timestamp | no | | current_timestamp | |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
明显的user_name属性是多余的。那么就干掉它。
mysql> alter table t_group_david drop user_name;
query ok, 1298576 rows affected (7.58 sec)
records: 1298576 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0
现在来重新对小表运行查询
mysql> select min(money),max(money) from t_group_david;
+------------+------------+
| min(money) | max(money) |
+------------+------------+
| -6.41 | 500.59 |
+------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
此时是瞬间的。
mysql> select sum(money),avg(money) from t_group_david;
+--------------+------------+
| sum(money) | avg(money) |
+--------------+------------+
| 319992383.84 | 246.417910 |
+--------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.94 sec)
这次算是控制在一秒以内了。
mysql> aborted
小总结一下：分出的小表的属性尽量越少越好。大胆的去干吧。
因为这种情况单独user_name字段上的索引就属于烂索引。起不了啥名明显的效果。
1、试验procedure.
delimiter $$
drop procedure `t_girl`.`sp_split_table`$$
create procedure `t_girl`.`sp_split_table`()
begin
declare done int default 0;
declare v_user_name varchar(20) default '';
declare v_table_name varchar(64) default '';
-- get all users' name.
declare cur1 cursor for select user_name from t_group group by user_name;
-- deal with error or warnings.
declare continue handler for 1329 set done = 1;
-- open cursor.
open cur1;
while done <> 1
do
fetch cur1 into v_user_name;
if not done then
-- get table name.
set v_table_name = concat('t_group_',v_user_name);
-- create new extra table.
set @stmt = concat('create table ',v_table_name,' like t_group');
prepare s1 from @stmt;
execute s1;
drop prepare s1;
-- load data into it.
set @stmt = concat('insert into ',v_table_name,' select * from t_group where user_name = ''',v_user_name,'''');
prepare s1 from @stmt;
execute s1;
drop prepare s1;
end if;
end while;
-- close cursor.
close cur1;
-- free variable from memory.
set @stmt = null;
end$$
delimiter ;
2、试验表。
我们用一个有一千万条记录的表来做测试。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 10388608 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
表结构。
mysql> desc t_group;
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | no | pri | null | auto_increment |
| money | decimal(10,2) | no | | | |
| user_name | varchar(20) | no | mul | | |
| create_time | timestamp | no | | current_timestamp | |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
索引情况。
mysql> show index from t_group;
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| table | non_unique | key_name | seq_in_index | column_name | collation | cardinality | sub_part | packed | null | index_type | comment |
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
| t_group | 0 | primary | 1 | id | a | 10388608 | null | null | | btree | |
| t_group | 1 | idx_user_name | 1 | user_name | a | 8 | null | null | | btree | |
| t_group | 1 | idx_combination1 | 1 | user_name | a | 8 | null | null | | btree | |
| t_group | 1 | idx_combination1 | 2 | money | a | 3776 | null | null | | btree | |
+---------+------------+------------------+--------------+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------+------+------------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
ps:
idx_combination1 这个索引是必须的，因为要对user_name来group by。此时属于松散索引扫描！当然完了后你可以干掉她。
idx_user_name 这个索引是为了加快单独执行constant这种类型的查询。
我们要根据用户名来分表。
mysql> select user_name from t_group where 1 group by user_name;
+-----------+
| user_name |
+-----------+
| david |
| leo |
| livia |
| lucy |
| sarah |
| simon |
| sony |
| sunny |
+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
所以结果表应该是这样的。
mysql> show tables like 't_group_%';
+------------------------------+
| tables_in_t_girl (t_group_%) |
+------------------------------+
| t_group_david |
| t_group_leo |
| t_group_livia |
| t_group_lucy |
| t_group_sarah |
| t_group_simon |
| t_group_sony |
| t_group_sunny |
+------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3、对比结果。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group where user_name = 'david';
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1298576 |
+----------+
1 row in set (1.71 sec)
执行了将近2秒。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group_david;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1298576 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
几乎是瞬间的。
mysql> select count(*) from t_group where user_name <> 'david';
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 9090032 |
+----------+
1 row in set (9.26 sec)
执行了将近10秒，可以想象，这个是实际的项目中是不能忍受的。
mysql> select (select count(*) from t_group) - (select count(*) from t_group_david) as total;
+---------+
| total |
+---------+
| 9090032 |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
几乎是瞬间的。
我们来看看聚集函数。
对于原表的操作。
mysql> select min(money),max(money) from t_group where user_name = 'david';
+------------+------------+
| min(money) | max(money) |
+------------+------------+
| -6.41 | 500.59 |
+------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
最小，最大值都是full index scan。所以是瞬间的。
mysql> select sum(money),avg(money) from t_group where user_name = 'david';
+--------------+------------+
| sum(money) | avg(money) |
+--------------+------------+
| 319992383.84 | 246.417910 |
+--------------+------------+
1 row in set (2.15 sec)
其他聚集函数的结果就不是full index scan了。耗时2.15秒。
对于小表的操作。
mysql> select min(money),max(money) from t_group_david;
+------------+------------+
| min(money) | max(money) |
+------------+------------+
| -6.41 | 500.59 |
+------------+------------+
1 row in set (1.50 sec)
最大最小值完全是full table scan,耗时1.50秒，不划算。以此看来。
mysql> select sum(money),avg(money) from t_group_david;
+--------------+------------+
| sum(money) | avg(money) |
+--------------+------------+
| 319992383.84 | 246.417910 |
+--------------+------------+
1 row in set (1.68 sec)
取得这两个结果也是花了快2秒，快了一点。
我们来看看这个小表的结构。
mysql> desc t_group_david;
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
| field | type | null | key | default | extra |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
| id | int(10) unsigned | no | pri | null | auto_increment |
| money | decimal(10,2) | no | | | |
| user_name | varchar(20) | no | mul | | |
| create_time | timestamp | no | | current_timestamp | |
+-------------+------------------+------+-----+-------------------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
明显的user_name属性是多余的。那么就干掉它。
mysql> alter table t_group_david drop user_name;
query ok, 1298576 rows affected (7.58 sec)
records: 1298576 duplicates: 0 warnings: 0
现在来重新对小表运行查询
mysql> select min(money),max(money) from t_group_david;
+------------+------------+
| min(money) | max(money) |
+------------+------------+
| -6.41 | 500.59 |
+------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
此时是瞬间的。
mysql> select sum(money),avg(money) from t_group_david;
+--------------+------------+
| sum(money) | avg(money) |
+--------------+------------+
| 319992383.84 | 246.417910 |
+--------------+------------+
1 row in set (0.94 sec)
这次算是控制在一秒以内了。
mysql> aborted
小总结一下：分出的小表的属性尽量越少越好。大胆的去干吧。