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jQuery.extend和jQuery.fn.extend的区别  

程序员文章站 2024-02-09 22:09:52
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当今web开发往往离不开Jquery的使用,Jquery以其简洁的使用方式、良好的浏览器兼容性赢得了软件研发同行的青睐,作为其中的一员,自然也不例外,尽管刚开始时很排斥Jquery,今天我谈一下对Jquery中$与$.fn的认识和理解,不对地方深望指正:

       1、什么是$?

         答:jquery的另一种表现形式;

        2、看下面的例子:

              例子01:

                           <html>
                                  <head>
                                               <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
                                               <title>$与$.fn的区别——demo 01</title>
                                               <script type="text/javascript" src="./jquery-1.6.2.js"></script>
                                               <script type="text/javascript">
                                                        $.test = function(a,b) {
                                                                  return a+b;
                                                        };
                                                       alert($.test(4,4));
                                         </script>
                                 </head>
                                 <body>
                                 </body>
                        </html>
          例子02:

                        <html>
                              <head>
                                         <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
                                         <title>$与$.fn的区别——demo 02</title>
                                         <script type="text/javascript" src="./jquery-1.6.2.js"></script>
                                         <script type="text/javascript">
                                                    $.extend({
                                                             test:function(a,b) {
                                                                   return a+b;
                                                             }
                                                   });
                                                  alert($.test(4,4));
                                        </script>
                             </head>
                             <body>
                            </body>
                     </html>

            上面两个例子中的黄色背景出的代码有什么不同和相同?

         答:除了功能相同以外最大的相同点在于调用函数(或方法)的方式相同;上面两个例子最大的不同点在于声明创建test方法的方式不同。

    3、看下面的例子:

        例子03:

                   <html>
                            <head>
                                  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
                                  <title>$与$.fn的区别——demo 03</title>
                                  <script type="text/javascript" src="./jquery-1.6.2.js"></script>
                                  <script type="text/javascript">
                                           $.fn.test = function() {
                                                     return $(this).val();
                                          };
                                          $(function(){
                                                     alert($("#name").test());
                                         });
                                </script>
                          </head>
                          <body>
                                <input type="hidden" id="name" name="name" value="高焕杰"/>
                          </body>
                    </html>

         例子04:

                   <html>
                         <head>
                                <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
                                <title>$与$.fn的区别——demo 04</title>
                               <script type="text/javascript" src="./jquery-1.6.2.js"></script>
                               <script type="text/javascript">
                                     $.fn.extend({
                                                  test:function() {
                                                          return $(this).val();
                                                 }
                                    });
                                    $(function(){
                                                 alert($("#name").test());
                                    });
                             </script>
                      </head>
                      <body>
                              <input type="hidden" id="name" name="name" value="高焕杰"/>
                      </body>
                 </html>

         上面两个例子中的绿色背景出的代码有什么不同和相同?

         答:除了功能相同以外最大的相同点在于调用函数(或方法)的方式相同;上面两个例子最大的不同点在于声明创建test方法的方式不同。

      4、Jquery中$与$.fn的区别是什么?

         答:在回答这个问题以前,需要明白一个事实:Jquery的方法是可以拓展的,上面这4个例子都是对Jquery方法的拓展,从调用声明创建方法的方式来看,可以归结为两类:一类直接由$符调用;另一类由$("")来调用,说到这里你是不是想到了Java语言中的静态方法和实例方法,是的,如果从java类的角度认识调用创建的Jquery方法可能更好理解些,尽管Javascript没有明确的类的概念。好了现在可以回答问题了:$拓展的方法是静态方法,可以使用$直接调用,其拓展的方式有两种,一般使用$.extend({});;而$.fn拓展的方法是实例方法,必须由“对象”$("")来调用,其拓展的方式同样有两种,一般使用$.fn.extend({ })。

   5、知识延展,究竟什么是fn?

    答:同样在回答这样一个问题以前请打开一个Jquery文件(0分下载) 搜索这样一个字符“jQuery.prototype”,告诉我你看到了什么:jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {......},嗯嗯,或许你已经猜到了——fn就是prototype,是这样吗?请看下面的两个例子:

    例子05:

         <html>
            <head>
               <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
               <title>$与$.fn的区别——demo 05</title>
               <script type="text/javascript" src="./jquery-1.6.2.js"></script>
               <script type="text/javascript">
                      $.prototype.test = function() {
                           return $(this).val();
                      };
                      $(function(){
                           alert($("#name").test());
                      });
              </script>
          </head>
          <body>
              <input type="hidden" id="name" name="name" value="高焕杰"/>
          </body>
       </html>

   例子06:

       <html>
          <head>
              <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
              <title>$与$.fn的区别——demo 06</title>
              <script type="text/javascript" src="./jquery-1.6.2.js"></script>
              <script type="text/javascript">
                   $.prototype.extend({
                           test:function() {
                               return $(this).val();
                           }
                   });
                   $(function(){
                           alert($("#name").test());
                   });
              </script>
        </head>
        <body>
              <input type="hidden" id="name" name="name" value="高焕杰"/>
        </body>
     </html>

     上面两个例子通过将fn改为prototype以后可以运行,呵呵呵,你猜对了。