欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页

这一次搞懂SpringMVC原理

程序员文章站 2024-02-08 21:35:34
...

前言

前面几篇文章,学习了Spring IOC、Bean实例化过程、AOP、事务的源码和设计思想,了解了Spring的整体运行流程,但如果是web开发,那么必不可少的还有Spring MVC,本篇主要分析在请求调用过程中SpringMVC的实现原理,通过本篇要搞懂它是怎么解决请求、参数、返回值映射等问题的。

正文

请求入口

我们都知道前端调用后端接口时,都会通过Servlet进行转发,而Servlet的声明周期包含下面四个阶段:

  • 实例化(new)
  • 初始化(init)
  • 执行(service调用doGet/doPost)
  • 销毁(destroy)

前两个阶段在Spring启动阶段就做好了(init根据配置可能是第一次请求时才会调用),销毁是服务关闭的时候进行,本文主要分析的就是请求执行阶段。我们知道SpringMVC的核心就是DispatcherServlet,该类是对Servlet的扩展,所以直接从该类的service方法开始,但在此类中没有service方法,那肯定是在其父类中,我们先来看看其继承体系:
这一次搞懂SpringMVC原理
逐个往上找,在FrameworkServlet方法中就有一个service方法:

	protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		HttpMethod httpMethod = HttpMethod.resolve(request.getMethod());
		if (httpMethod == HttpMethod.PATCH || httpMethod == null) {
			processRequest(request, response);
		}
		else {
			super.service(request, response);
		}
	}

    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException
    {
        String method = req.getMethod();

        if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1) {
                doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
                if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified) {
                    maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
                }
            }

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            doHead(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
            doPost(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
            doPut(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
            doDelete(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
            doOptions(req,resp);
        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
            doTrace(req,resp);
        } else {
            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
            errArgs[0] = method;
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
            
            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
        }
    }
   

但其主要还是调用父类HttpServlet中的方法,而该类又会根据不同的请求方式会调到子类中,最后的核心方法就是DispatcherServlet中的doDispatch方法:

	protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
		boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

		//异步管理
		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

		try {
			ModelAndView mv = null;
			Exception dispatchException = null;

			try {
				//文件上传
				processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
				multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);

				//这个方法很重要,重点看
				// Determine handler for the current request.
				mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
				if (mappedHandler == null) {
					noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
					return;
				}

				//获取跟HandlerMethod匹配的HandlerAdapter对象
				// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
				HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

				// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
				String method = request.getMethod();
				boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
				if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
					long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
					if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
						return;
					}
				}

				//前置过滤器,如果为false则直接返回
				if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
					return;
				}

				//调用到Controller具体方法,核心方法调用,重点看看
				// Actually invoke the handler.
				mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

				if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
					return;
				}

				applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);

				//中置过滤器
				mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				dispatchException = ex;
			}
			catch (Throwable err) {
				// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
				// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
				dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
			}

			//视图渲染及后置过滤器执行
			processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
		}
		catch (Throwable err) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler,
					new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err));
		}
		finally {
			if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
				if (mappedHandler != null) {
					mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
				}
			}
			else {
				// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
				if (multipartRequestParsed) {
					cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
				}
			}
		}
	}

MVC的所有处理逻辑都在这个方法中,先总结一下这个方法的实现逻辑,首先根据请求的url拿到缓存中的HandlerMethod对象和执行链对象,HandlerMethod中封装了controller对象、方法对象和方法参数等信息,执行链则是包含了一个个HandlerInterceptor拦截器;然后再通过HandlerMethod拿到对应的HandlerAdapter,这个对象的作用就是去适配我们的controller;准备工作做完后,首先会执行前置过滤,如果被拦截则直接返回,否则就去调用controller中的方法执行我们的业务逻辑并返回一个ModelView对象;接着执行中置过滤器,以及处理全局异常捕获器捕获到异常;最后进行视图渲染返回并执行后置过滤器进行资源释放等工作。
以上就是MVC的整体执行流程,下面就逐个来分析,首先进入getHandler方法:

	protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		//handlerMappering实例
		if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
			for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {
				//获取HandlerMethod和过滤器链的包装类
				HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);
				if (handler != null) {
					return handler;
				}
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

是委托给HandlerMapping对象的,这是一个接口,主要的实现类是RequestMappingHandlerMapping,同样先来看看其继承体系:
这一次搞懂SpringMVC原理
这个类是管理请求和处理类之间的映射关系的,你是否疑惑它是在哪里实例化的呢?下面先来看看MVC组件的初始化。

组件初始化

这里我以自动化配置的注解方式说明,Spring提供了一个@EnableWebMvc,通过前面的学习我们知道在这个注解中必定导入了一个配置类,点进去可以看到是DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration,这个类就是负责MVC的组件和扩展实现的初始化,其本身我们先不看,先看其父类WebMvcConfigurationSupport,这个类我们应该不陌生,要做一些自定义扩展时就需要继承该类(如拦截器Interceptor),同样作用的类还有WebMvcConfigurerAdapter,这个类是对前者相对安全的扩展,为什么是相对安全呢?因为继承前者会导致自动配置失效,而使用后者则不必担心此问题,只需要在类上加上@EnableWebMvc注解。
WebMvcConfigurationSupport中我们可以看到很多@Bean标注的方法,也就是mvc组件的实例化,这里主要看看requestMappingHandlerMapping,其余的可自行阅读理解,也就是一些Bean的注册:

	public RequestMappingHandlerMapping requestMappingHandlerMapping() {
		RequestMappingHandlerMapping mapping = createRequestMappingHandlerMapping();
		mapping.setOrder(0);
		mapping.setInterceptors(getInterceptors());
		mapping.setContentNegotiationManager(mvcContentNegotiationManager());
		mapping.setCorsConfigurations(getCorsConfigurations());

		......省略

		return mapping;
	}

这里主要看getInterceptors方法如何获取拦截器的:

	protected final Object[] getInterceptors() {
		if (this.interceptors == null) {
			InterceptorRegistry registry = new InterceptorRegistry();
			//钩子方法,需要自己定义
			addInterceptors(registry);
			registry.addInterceptor(new ConversionServiceExposingInterceptor(mvcConversionService()));
			registry.addInterceptor(new ResourceUrlProviderExposingInterceptor(mvcResourceUrlProvider()));
			this.interceptors = registry.getInterceptors();
		}
		return this.interceptors.toArray();
	}

第一次进来会调用addInterceptors添加拦截器,这是一个模板方法,在子类DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration中实现:

	private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
	
	protected void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
		this.configurers.addInterceptors(registry);
	}

	public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
		for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
			delegate.addInterceptors(registry);
		}
	}

可以看到最终是调用WebMvcConfigureraddInterceptors方法,也就是我们对WebMvcConfigurerAdapter的自定义扩展。看到这里我们应该明白了MVC的组件是如何添加到IOC容器中的,但是DispatcherServlet又是怎么获取到它们的呢?回到之前的代码中,在DispatcherServlet这个类中有一个onRefresh方法,这个方法又调用了initStrategies方法完成了MVC九大组件的注册:

	protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
		initStrategies(context);
	}

	protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
		initMultipartResolver(context);
		initLocaleResolver(context);
		initThemeResolver(context);
		initHandlerMappings(context);
		initHandlerAdapters(context);
		initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
		initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
		initViewResolvers(context);
		initFlashMapManager(context);
	}

	private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
		this.handlerMappings = null;

		if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
			// Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
			Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
					BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
			if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
				this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
				// We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
				AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
			}
		}
		else {
			try {
				HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
				this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
			}
			catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
				// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
			}
		}
		
		if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
			this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
		}
	}

initHandlerMappings为例,其它组件实现逻辑基本一样。首先从IOC容器中拿到handlerMappings的所有实现类(WebMvcConfigurationSupport中注入的对象就在这里被获取到),若没有,则从DispatcherServlet.properties配置文件中(这个配置在spring-webmvc工程下org/springframework/web/servlet/DispatcherServlet.properties)获取默认的配置:

org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.ThemeResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.theme.FixedThemeResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping=org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,\
	org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter,\
	org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter,\
	org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter

org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver,\
	org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.ResponseStatusExceptionResolver,\
	org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.RequestToViewNameTranslator=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.DefaultRequestToViewNameTranslator

org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver=org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver

org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMapManager=org.springframework.web.servlet.support.SessionFlashMapManager

但是onRefresh又是在什么时候调用的呢?有两个地方,一个是Servlet初始化时会调用到initWebApplicationContext进行容器的初始化,这个方法中就会触发onRefresh;另外还有一个,在FrameworkServlet中有一个onApplicationEvent方法,而这个方法又会被内部类ContextRefreshListener调用,这个类实现了ApplicationListener接口,表示会接收容器刷新事件。
以上就就是MVC HandlerMapping组件的初始化逻辑,其它组件实现逻辑相同,下面不再分析。

调用Controller

回到getHandler方法,其调用的是AbstractHandlerMapping类的方法:

	public final HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		//根据请求的uri拿到对应的HandlerMethod对象
		Object handler = getHandlerInternal(request);
		if (handler == null) {
			handler = getDefaultHandler();
		}
		if (handler == null) {
			return null;
		}
		// Bean name or resolved handler?
		if (handler instanceof String) {
			String handlerName = (String) handler;
			handler = obtainApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
		}

		//获取HandlerMethod和过滤器链的包装类
		HandlerExecutionChain executionChain = getHandlerExecutionChain(handler, request);

		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("Mapped to " + handler);
		}
		else if (logger.isDebugEnabled() && !request.getDispatcherType().equals(DispatcherType.ASYNC)) {
			logger.debug("Mapped to " + executionChain.getHandler());
		}

		//是否是跨域请求,就是查看request请求头中是否有Origin属性
		if (CorsUtils.isCorsRequest(request)) {
			//自定义的钩子方法获取跨域配置
			CorsConfiguration globalConfig = this.corsConfigurationSource.getCorsConfiguration(request);
			//注解获取跨域配置
			CorsConfiguration handlerConfig = getCorsConfiguration(handler, request);
			CorsConfiguration config = (globalConfig != null ? globalConfig.combine(handlerConfig) : handlerConfig);
			//这里设置了跨域的过滤器CorsInterceptor
			executionChain = getCorsHandlerExecutionChain(request, executionChain, config);
		}

		return executionChain;
	}

先看AbstractHandlerMethodMapping.getHandlerInternal

	protected HandlerMethod getHandlerInternal(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		//从request对象中获取uri,/common/query2
		String lookupPath = getUrlPathHelper().getLookupPathForRequest(request);
		this.mappingRegistry.acquireReadLock();
		try {
			//根据uri从映射关系中找到对应的HandlerMethod对象
			HandlerMethod handlerMethod = lookupHandlerMethod(lookupPath, request);
			//把Controller类实例化
			return (handlerMethod != null ? handlerMethod.createWithResolvedBean() : null);
		}
		finally {
			this.mappingRegistry.releaseReadLock();
		}
	}

	protected HandlerMethod lookupHandlerMethod(String lookupPath, HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		List<Match> matches = new ArrayList<>();
		// 根据url拿到对应的RequestMappingInfo
		List<T> directPathMatches = this.mappingRegistry.getMappingsByUrl(lookupPath);
		if (directPathMatches != null) {
			addMatchingMappings(directPathMatches, matches, request);
		}
		if (matches.isEmpty()) {
			// No choice but to go through all mappings...
			addMatchingMappings(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), matches, request);
		}

		if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
			Comparator<Match> comparator = new MatchComparator(getMappingComparator(request));
			matches.sort(comparator);
			Match bestMatch = matches.get(0);
			if (matches.size() > 1) {
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace(matches.size() + " matching mappings: " + matches);
				}
				if (CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(request)) {
					return PREFLIGHT_AMBIGUOUS_MATCH;
				}
				Match secondBestMatch = matches.get(1);
				//如果两个RequestMappinginfo什么都相同,报错
				if (comparator.compare(bestMatch, secondBestMatch) == 0) {
					Method m1 = bestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
					Method m2 = secondBestMatch.handlerMethod.getMethod();
					String uri = request.getRequestURI();
					throw new IllegalStateException(
							"Ambiguous handler methods mapped for '" + uri + "': {" + m1 + ", " + m2 + "}");
				}
			}
			request.setAttribute(BEST_MATCHING_HANDLER_ATTRIBUTE, bestMatch.handlerMethod);
			handleMatch(bestMatch.mapping, lookupPath, request);
			return bestMatch.handlerMethod;
		}
		else {
			return handleNoMatch(this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().keySet(), lookupPath, request);
		}
	}

	private void addMatchingMappings(Collection<T> mappings, List<Match> matches, HttpServletRequest request) {
		for (T mapping : mappings) {
			// 拿到匹配的RequestMappingInfo对象,有可能url相同,@RequestMapping的属性(请求方式、参数等)匹配不上
			T match = getMatchingMapping(mapping, request);
			if (match != null) {
				//RequestMappingInfo对象和HandlerMethod对象封装到Match对象中,其实就是注解属性和Method对象的映射
				matches.add(new Match(match, this.mappingRegistry.getMappings().get(mapping)));
			}
		}
	}

这里逻辑很简单,就是通过请求url从urlLookup中拿到对应的RequestMappingInfo(每一个 @RequestMapping对应一个RequestMappingInfo对象)对象,再根据RequestMappingInfo对象从mappingLookup拿到对应的HandlerMethod并返回。
但这里你可能会比较好奇urlLookupmappingLookup从哪里来的,仔细观察你会发现当前这个类实现了一个接口InitializingBean,实现了这个接口的类会在该类的Bean实例化完成后调用afterPropertiesSet方法,上面的映射关系就是在这个方法中做的。实际上这个方法不止完成了上面两个映射关系,还有下面两个:

  • corsLookup:handlerMethod -> corsConfig
  • registry:RequestMappingInfo -> MappingRegistration(包含url、handlerMethod、RequestMappingInfo、name等信息)

这里就不展开分析了,奉上一张时序图,读者可根据下面的时序图自行分析:
这一次搞懂SpringMVC原理
拿到HandlerMethod对象后,又会通过getHandlerExecutionChain方法去获取到所有的HandlerInterceptor拦截器对象,并连同HandlerMethod对象一起封装为HandlerExecutionChain。之后是获取跨域配置,这里不详细分析。
拿到HandlerExecutionChain对象后返回到doDispatch方法,又调用了getHandlerAdapter
方法拿到HandlerAdapter

	protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler) throws ServletException {
		//根据handlerMethod对象,找到合适的HandlerAdapter对象,这里用到了策略模式
		if (this.handlerAdapters != null) {
			for (HandlerAdapter adapter : this.handlerAdapters) {
				if (adapter.supports(handler)) {
					return adapter;
				}
			}
		}
	}

这里的handlerAdapters变量值从哪里来?相信不用我再分析,主要看这里的设计思想,典型的策略模式
之后调用完前置过滤器后,才是真正调用我们controller方法的逻辑,通过HandlerAdapter.handle去调用,最终会调用到ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle

	public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
			Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

		//具体调用逻辑,重点看
		Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
		setResponseStatus(webRequest);

		if (returnValue == null) {
			if (isRequestNotModified(webRequest) || getResponseStatus() != null || mavContainer.isRequestHandled()) {
				mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
				return;
			}
		}
		else if (StringUtils.hasText(getResponseStatusReason())) {
			mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
			return;
		}

		mavContainer.setRequestHandled(false);
		Assert.state(this.returnValueHandlers != null, "No return value handlers");
		try {
			//返回值处理
			this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(
					returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace(formatErrorForReturnValue(returnValue), ex);
			}
			throw ex;
		}
	}

这个方法里面主要看invokeForRequesthandleReturnValue的调用,前者是完成参数绑定并调用controller,后者则是对返回值进行处理并封装到ModelAndViewContainer中。先来看invokeForRequest

	public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
			Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

		//获取参数数组
		Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("Arguments: " + Arrays.toString(args));
		}
		return doInvoke(args);
	}

doInvoke就是完成反射调用,主要还是看参数绑定的实现逻辑,在getMethodArgumentValues方法中:

	protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
			Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

		if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(getMethodParameters())) {
			return EMPTY_ARGS;
		}
		//入参的包装类,里面包装了参数类型,参数名称,参数注解等等信息
		MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
		Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
		for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
			MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
			//设置参数名称解析器
			parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
			args[i] = findProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
			if (args[i] != null) {
				continue;
			}
			//典型的策略模式,根据parameter能否找到对应参数的处理类,能找到就返回true
			if (!this.resolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
				throw new IllegalStateException(formatArgumentError(parameter, "No suitable resolver"));
			}
			try {
				//具体参数值解析过程,重点看看
				args[i] = this.resolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				// Leave stack trace for later, exception may actually be resolved and handled..
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					String error = ex.getMessage();
					if (error != null && !error.contains(parameter.getExecutable().toGenericString())) {
						logger.debug(formatArgumentError(parameter, error));
					}
				}
				throw ex;
			}
		}
		return args;
	}

参数、返回值解析

因为参数类型非常多,同时还会伴随各种注解,如:@RequestBody、@RequestParam、@PathVariable等,所以参数解析的工作是非常繁杂的,同时还要考虑到扩展性,所以SpringMVC依然采用了策略模式来完成对各种参数类型的解析绑定,其顶层接口就是HandlerMethodArgumentResolver,而默认SpringMVC提供的解析方式就高达20多种:
这一次搞懂SpringMVC原理
上面是类图,读者可根据自己熟悉的参数类型找到对应的类进行分析,最核心的还是要掌握这里的设计思想。
接着方法调用完成后就是对返回值的处理,同样的,返回值类型也是非常多,也可以使用各种注解标注,所以也是使用策略模式实现,其顶层接口是HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler,实现类如下:
这一次搞懂SpringMVC原理
调用完成之后就是执行后续操作了:执行中置过滤器、处理全局异常、视图渲染以及执行后置过滤器,这些与主流程没有太大关系,本篇不展开分析了,最后是MVC的执行时序图:
这一次搞懂SpringMVC原理

总结

本篇是Spring核心原理系列的最后一篇,前前后后花了一个月时间,终于从宏观上大致上理解了Spring的实现原理和运行机制,明白了之前项目中一些坑是如何产生的,最主要的是学到设计模式的运用以及如何利用Spring的一些常用的扩展点进行自定义扩展。但对于Spring这个庞大的体系来说,还有很多是要去理解学习的,尤其是设计思想,只有长期琢磨才能深刻的理解掌握。在我之前的文章中包括本篇还有很多没分析到的细节,在后面我会不定期分享出来。