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JavaWeb——json基础总结

程序员文章站 2024-02-04 13:40:52
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一、概述

1、JavaScript Object Notation(JSON) :JavaScript对象表示法

2、代码

Person p = new Person();
p.setName("张三");
p.setAge(23);
p.setGender("男");

var p = {"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男"};

3、作用

  • json现在多用于存储和交换文本信息的语法
  • 进行数据的传输
  • JSON 比 XML 更小、更快,更易解析

二、json 语法

1、基本规则

  • 数据在名称/值对中:json数据是由键值对构成的
  • 键用引号(单双都行)引起来,也可以不使用引号
  • 数据由逗号分隔:多个键值对由逗号分隔
  • 花括号保存对象:使用{}定义json 格式
  • 方括号保存数组:[]

2、值的取值类型

  1. 数字(整数或浮点数)
  2. 字符串(在双引号中)
  3. 逻辑值(true 或 false)
  4. 数组(在方括号中){"persons":[{},{}]}
  5. 对象(在花括号中){"address":{"province":"陕西"....}}
  6. null

3、json 的遍历

 //1.定义基本格式
var person = {"name": "张三", age: 23, 'gender': true};

var ps = [{"name": "张三", "age": 23, "gender": true},
          {"name": "李四", "age": 24, "gender": true},
          {"name": "王五", "age": 25, "gender": false}];

//获取person对象中所有的键和值
//for in 循环
/* for(var key in person){
//这样的方式获取不行。因为相当于  person."name"
//alert(key + ":" + person.key);
alert(key+":"+person[key]);
}*/
	
//获取ps中的所有值
for (var i = 0; i < ps.length; i++) {
	 var p = ps[i];
	 for(var key in p){
	 alert(key+":"+p[key]);
	 }
}

三、json数据转换为Java对象

1、JSON常见的解析器:

  • Jsonlib(Apache、已淘汰)
  • Gson(谷歌、已淘汰)
  • fastjson(简单)
  • jackson(常用)

2、JSON转为Java对象

  1. 导入jackson的相关jar包
  2. 创建Jackson核心对象 ObjectMapper
  3. 调用ObjectMapper的相关方法进行转换
    1. readValue(json字符串数据,Class)

四、Java对象转换为json数据

1、使用步骤:

  1. 导入jackson的相关jar包
  2. 创建Jackson核心对象 ObjectMapper
  3. 调用ObjectMapper的相关方法进行转换
    1. 转换方法:
      • writeValue(参数1,obj):
        ​ 参数1:
        File:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并保存到指定的文件中
        Writer:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字符输出流中
        OutputStream:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字节输出流中
        • writeValueAsString(obj):将对象转为json字符串
    2. 注解:
      1. @JsonIgnore:排除属性。
      2. @JsonFormat:属性值得格式化
        • @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
    3. 复杂java对象转换
      1. List:数组
      2. Map:对象格式一致

2、代码
封装一个实体类 Person.java

package cn.lemon.domain;

import java.util.Date;

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age ;
    private String gender;

    //    @JsonIgnore
//    @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
    private Date birthday;

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

新建一个测试类 JsonTest.java

package cn.lemon.json;

import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.util.*;
import cn.lemon.domain.Person;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

public class JsonTest {

    //Java对象转为JSON字符串
    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception {
        //1.创建Person对象
        Person p  = new Person();
        p.setName("张三");
        p.setAge(23);
        p.setGender("男");

        //2.创建Jackson的核心对象  ObjectMapper
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        //3.转换
        /*
            转换方法:
                writeValue(参数1,obj):
                    参数1:
                        File:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并保存到指定的文件中
                        Writer:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字符输出流中
                        OutputStream:将obj对象转换为JSON字符串,并将json数据填充到字节输出流中
                writeValueAsString(obj):将对象转为json字符串
         */
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);
        System.out.println(json);
        //{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男"}
        //System.out.println(json);//{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男"}
        //writeValue,将数据写到d://a.txt文件中
        //mapper.writeValue(new File("d://a.txt"),p);

        //writeValue.将数据关联到Writer中
        mapper.writeValue(new FileWriter("d://b.txt"),p);
    }

    /**
     * 转换json时对于时间的处理
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void test2() throws Exception {
        //1.创建Person对象
        Person p = new Person();
        p.setName("张三");
        p.setAge(23);
        p.setGender("男");
        p.setBirthday(new Date());

        //2.转换
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(p);

        System.out.println(json);//{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男","birthday":1530958029263}
        //{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男","birthday":"2018-07-07"}
    }

    /**
     * 转换json集合
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void test3() throws Exception {
        //1.创建Person对象
        Person p = new Person();
        p.setName("张三");
        p.setAge(23);
        p.setGender("男");
        p.setBirthday(new Date());

        Person p1 = new Person();
        p1.setName("张三");
        p1.setAge(23);
        p1.setGender("男");
        p1.setBirthday(new Date());

        Person p2 = new Person();
        p2.setName("张三");
        p2.setAge(23);
        p2.setGender("男");
        p2.setBirthday(new Date());

        //创建List集合
        List<Person> ps = new ArrayList<Person>();
        ps.add(p);
        ps.add(p1);
        ps.add(p2);

        //2.转换
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(ps);
        // [{},{},{}]
        //[{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男","birthday":"2018-07-07"},{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男","birthday":"2018-07-07"},{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男","birthday":"2018-07-07"}]
        System.out.println(json);
    }

    /**
     * map转换json
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Test
    public void test4() throws Exception {
        //1.创建map对象
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map.put("name","张三");
        map.put("age",23);
        map.put("gender","男");
        map.put("location","北京");

        //2.转换
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(map);
        //{"name":"张三","age":23,"gender":"男"}
        System.out.println(json);//{"gender":"男","name":"张三","age":23}
    }

    //演示 JSON字符串转为Java对象
    @Test
    public void test5() throws Exception {
        //1.初始化JSON字符串
        String json = "{\"gender\":\"男\",\"name\":\"项羽\",\"age\":23}";

        //2.创建ObjectMapper对象
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        //3.转换为Java对象 Person对象
        Person person = mapper.readValue(json, Person.class);
        System.out.println(person);
    }
}

五、案例——效验用户名

服务器响应的数据,在客户端使用时,要想当做json数据格式使用。有两种解决方案:

  1. $.get(type):将最后一个参数type指定为"json"
  2. 在服务器端设置MIME类型response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");

新建 regist.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>注册表单</title>
    <script src="js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        $(function(){
            $("#username").blur(function(){//离开焦点事件
                $.post("/project/servletDemo", {"username": $("#username").val()}, function(o){
                    if (o.flag) {
                        $("#s_username").css("color", "red");
                    } else {
                        $("#s_username").css("color", "black");
                    }

                    $("#s_username").html(o.msg);
                });
            });
        });
    </script>
</head>
<body>
<form>
    <input type="text" id="username" name="username" placeholder="请输入用户名">
    <span id="s_username"></span>
    <br>
    <input type="password" name="password" placeholder="请输入密码"><br>
    <input type="submit" value="注册"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

新建 ServletDemo.java

package cn.lemon.servlet;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@WebServlet("/servletDemo")
public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setContentType("application/json; charset=UTF-8");//设置响应数据的格式为 json

        String username = request.getParameter("username");//获取用户名

        Map<String, Object> result = new HashMap<>();
        if ("tomcat".equals(username)) {
            result.put("msg", "用户名已存在");
            result.put("flag", true);
        } else {
            result.put("msg", "用户名可以使用");
            result.put("flag", false);
        }

        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();//将 map 转换为 json

        objectMapper.writeValue(response.getWriter(), result);//把数据传递给客户端
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }
}
相关标签: JavaWeb json