使用Python编写一个简单的tic-tac-toe游戏的教程

 这个教程，我们将展示如何用python创建一个井字游戏。 其中我们将使用函数、数组、if条件语句、while循环语句和错误捕获等。

首先我们需要创建两个函数，第一个函数用来显示游戏板:
 

def print_board():
  for i in range(0,3):
    for j in range(0,3):
      print map[2-i][j],
      if j != 2:
        print "|",
    print ""

这我们使用两个for循环来遍历map，该map是一个包含了位置信息的二维数组。

游戏板看起来是这样的:
 

|  | 
|  | 
|  |
 
X | X | 
O | X | O
 | O | X
 
X | X | X
X | X | X
X | X | X

 
下面我们需要一个函数check_done()来检查游戏是否结束。如果结束，则返回True并打印消息。
 

def check_done():
  for i in range(0,3):
    if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \
    or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":
      print turn, "won!!!"
      return True
     
  if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \
  or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":
    print turn, "won!!!"
    return True
 
  if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:
    print "Draw"
    return True
     
  return False

有几个地方需要检查，首先检查水平和垂直方向，是否有一行或一列不为空且包含有三个相同的符号，然后我们再检查斜方向。如果上面有一个方向满足，游戏结束并打印“Won!!!”。请注意检查变量改变，它用来标记当前是哪一位玩家。

同时我们需要检查当前游戏板是否被填满且没有人获胜，游戏平局。

有了上面的两个函数，下面我们创建3个变量:
 

turn = "X"
map = [[" "," "," "],
    [" "," "," "],
    [" "," "," "]]
done = False

    turn : 轮到谁
    map : 游戏板
    done : 游戏是否结束

现在启动游戏:
 

while done != True:
  print_board()
   
  print turn, "'s turn"
  print
 
  moved = False
  while moved != True:

这里使用了while循环直到游戏结束并返回true.在这个循环里面，使用了另外一个while循环来检查玩家是否移动，如果玩家没有移动，则程序会跳到下一次循环。

下一步告诉玩家怎么玩:
 

print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9, see below for which number that is which position..."
    print "7|8|9"
    print "4|5|6"
    print "1|2|3"
    print
 
try:
      pos = input("Select: ")
      if pos <=9 and pos >=1:

我们期望玩家输入一个数字，检查该数字是否是在1到9之间。另外，我们这里需要一段错误处理逻辑，我们还需要需要检查玩家是否能移动到一个位置:
 

Y = pos/3
        X = pos%3
        if X != 0:
          X -=1
        else:
           X = 2
           Y -=1

以下是全部的代码:
 

def print_board():
  for i in range(0,3):
    for j in range(0,3):
      print map[2-i][j],
      if j != 2:
        print "|",
    print ""
 
 
def check_done():
  for i in range(0,3):
    if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \
    or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":
      print turn, "won!!!"
      return True
     
  if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \
  or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":
    print turn, "won!!!"
    return True
 
  if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:
    print "Draw"
    return True
     
 
  return False
 
 
 
 
 
turn = "X"
map = [[" "," "," "],
    [" "," "," "],
    [" "," "," "]]
done = False
 
 
while done != True:
  print_board()
   
  print turn, "'s turn"
  print
 
  moved = False
  while moved != True:
    print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9,\
    see below for which number that is which position..."
    print "7|8|9"
    print "4|5|6"
    print "1|2|3"
    print
 
    try:
      pos = input("Select: ")
      if pos <=9 and pos >=1:
        Y = pos/3
        X = pos%3
        if X != 0:
          X -=1
        else:
           X = 2
           Y -=1
           
        if map[Y][X] == " ":
          map[Y][X] = turn
          moved = True
          done = check_done()
 
          if done == False:
            if turn == "X":
              turn = "O"
            else:
              turn = "X"
         
       
    except:
      print "You need to add a numeric value"