欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页

内核启动早期的打印

程序员文章站 2024-02-02 10:00:16
...

在移植4.16内核到tiny4412的过程中遇到一个问题,官方的uboot2012引导内核成功卡在staring the kernel没有了下文,看来内核还没有到注册uart驱动就已经挂掉了,尝试打开 early printk ,让内核自解压之后能够及时的打印信息。

说句题外话,内核启动卡在staring the kernel,在2440的时代,未使用设备树,这种情况往往是机器ID设置错误,或者是串口波特率等方面的原因导致,在设备树的时代,机器ID已经被废除,最有可能的问题可能就是出在设备树的身上。

early printk的使用

  • 配置内核
make menuconfig

    Kernel hacking  --->

        [*] Kernel low-level debugging functions (read help!)

            Kernel low-level debugging port (Use Samsung S3C UART 0 for low-level debug)

        [*] Early printk
  • 设置环境变量

    Add earlyprintk to your kernel parameters to enable this console

    在 bootargs 中添加 earlyprintk

bootargs earlyprintk的解析

arch/arm/kernel/early_printk.c

extern void printascii(const char *);

static void early_write(const char *s, unsigned n)
{
        char buf[128];
        while (n) {
                unsigned l = min(n, sizeof(buf)-1);
                memcpy(buf, s, l);
                buf[l] = 0;
                s += l;
                n -= l;
                printascii(buf);
        }
}

static void early_console_write(struct console *con, const char *s, unsigned n)
{
        early_write(s, n);
}

static struct console early_console_dev = {
        .name = "earlycon",
        .write = early_console_write,
        .flags = CON_PRINTBUFFER | CON_BOOT,
        .index = -1,
};

static int __init setup_early_printk(char *buf)
{
        early_console = &early_console_dev;
        register_console(&early_console_dev);
        return 0;
}

early_param("earlyprintk", setup_early_printk);

在内核启动进入C语言阶段,start_kernel->parse_early_param 就会第一时间解析early_param("earlyprintk", setup_early_printk);

然后调用 register_console(&early_console_dev);

可以看到 early_console 的 write 函数最终靠 printascii 来实现,同样,直接调用 earlyprintk 也会调用 printascii

void __init early_print(const char *str, ...)
{
    extern void printascii(const char *);
    char buf[256];
    va_list ap;

    va_start(ap, str);
    vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), str, ap);
    va_end(ap);

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
    printascii(buf);
#endif
    printk("%s", buf);
}

printascii:arch/arm/kernel/debug.S

ENTRY(printascii)
        addruart_current r3, r1, r2
1: teq r0, #0
        ldrneb r1, [r0], #1
        teqne r1, #0
        reteq lr
2: teq r1, #'\n'
        bne 3f
        mov r1, #'\r'
        waituart r2, r3
        senduart r1, r3
        busyuart r2, r3
        mov r1, #'\n'
3: waituart r2, r3
        senduart r1, r3
        busyuart r2, r3
        b 1b
ENDPROC(printascii)
.macro addruart_current, rx, tmp1, tmp2
         addruart \tmp1, \tmp2, \rx
         mrc p15, 0, \rx, c1, c0
         tst \rx, #1
         moveq \rx, \tmp1
         movne \rx, \tmp2
         .endm

addruart_current 和 addruart 都是宏定义
各个平台实现自己的 addruart 宏:4412的位于:arch/arm/include/debug/exynos.S

   .macro addruart, rp, rv, tmp
        mrc p15, 0, \tmp, c0, c0, 0
        and \tmp, \tmp, #0xf0
        teq \tmp, #0xf0 @@ A15
        beq 100f
        mrc p15, 0, \tmp, c0, c0, 5
        and \tmp, \tmp, #0xf00
        teq \tmp, #0x100 @@ A15 + A7 but boot to A7
100: ldreq \rp, =EXYNOS5_PA_UART
        movne \rp, #EXYNOS4_PA_UART @@ EXYNOS4
        ldr \rv, =S3C_VA_UART
#if CONFIG_DEBUG_S3C_UART != 0
        add \rp, \rp, #(0x10000 * CONFIG_DEBUG_S3C_UART)
        add \rv, \rv, #(0x10000 * CONFIG_DEBUG_S3C_UART)
#endif
    .endm

这里返回的是 uart0 的基地址,虚拟地址和物理地址,EXYNOS4_PA_UART=0x13800000
内核启动早期的打印

有了基地址还不够,能需要UTXHn的偏移地址才行
arch/arm/include/debug/samsung.S

.macro senduart,rd,rx
     strb \rd, [\rx, # S3C2410_UTXH]
.endm

include/linux/serial_s3c.h

#define S3C2410_UTXH        (0x20)

因此,可以得知,内核earlyprintk不会去初始化串口,直接使用Uboot初始化ok的,这是个好消息~
C语言阶段,可以调用early_printk,那么在自解压之后,C语言之前的汇编阶段,如何打印呢?
参考:

__error_p:
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LL
    adr r0, str_p1
    bl printascii
    mov r0, r9
    bl printhex8
    adr r0, str_p2
    bl printascii
    b __error
str_p1: .asciz "\nError: unrecognized/unsupported processor variant (0x"
str_p2: .asciz ").\n"
    .align
#endif
ENDPROC(__error_p)

注意:汇编阶段调用函数,一定记得保护现场,否则会破坏原有寄存器,引入不必要的麻烦

自解压阶段的打印

内核自解压阶段也可以调用早期的打印函数,需要针对自己的平台稍加修改(addruart 宏定义),这个阶段可能出现的问题,内核自解压把设备树覆盖了,导致卡在 staring the kernel 我这里就是如此~~,修改Uboot设备树的重定位地址即可。

--- a/arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.S
+++ b/arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.S
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
  * 100% relocatable. Any attempt to do so will result in a crash.
  * Please select one of the following when turning on debugging.
  */
+#define DEBUG
 #ifdef DEBUG

 #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_ICEDCC)
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@
                .endm
 #else
                .macro loadsp, rb, tmp
- addruart \rb, \tmp
+ addruart \rb, \tmp, \tmp
                .endm
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -554,6 +555,12 @@ not_relocated: mov r0, #0
  * r7 = architecture ID
  * r8 = atags pointer
  */
+ stmfd sp!, {r0-r3, r10-r12, lr}
+ mov r0, r8
+ bl memdump
+ kputc #'\n'
+ ldmfd sp!, {r0-r3, r10-r12, lr}
+
                mov r0, r4
                mov r1, sp @ malloc space above stack
                add r2, sp, #0x10000 @ 64k max
@@ -563,6 +570,12 @@ not_relocated: mov r0, #0
                bl cache_off
                mov r1, r7 @ restore architecture number
                mov r2, r8 @ restore atags pointer
+
+ stmfd sp!, {r0-r3, r10-r12, lr}
+ mov r0, r8
+ bl memdump
+ kputc #'\n'
+ ldmfd sp!, {r0-r3, r10-r12, lr}

 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_VIRT_EXT

参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/pengdonglin137/p/5146791.html
参考:http://www.wowotech.net/x_project/kernel_earlycon_porting.html