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Junit,Mockito,PowerMockito 进行单元测试

程序员文章站 2024-01-31 20:04:46
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编写不易,转载请注明( http://shihlei.iteye.com/blog/2383925)!
 

概述:

    介绍基于Junit ,Mockito,PowerMockito 常用的测试方法,包括异常测试,私有方法测试,没有返回值的方法测试,基于mock或spy的测试;
    其中包含常规方法mock,私有方法mock。 

一 测试介绍

1)测试原则:
       凡是需要验证的方法都可以写单元测试,证明预期行为(不区分 controller,service ,dao)
 
2)测试分类:
        a)单元测试:测试方法的 “逻辑” 是否满足期望。
        b)集成测试:集成各个依赖组件,测试整体流程是否能通。
 
3)关于依赖:
        单元测试一般测试当前方法的逻辑,不测试被依赖的类方法或自己的私有方法。
 
4)Mock 和 Spy 生成类区别
    Mock:生成的类,所有方法都不是真实的方法,而且返回值都是NULL; 通过when 指定行为。
    Spy:生成的类,所有方法都是真实方法,返回值都是和真实方法一样的;通过when 来将某个真实的方法,替换为指定行为的执行。
 
5)参考
            1)普通mockito mock
 
            2)使用powerMock ,增强 静态方法,私有方法能力;
 
二 Demo 本程序依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
    <groupId>x.test</groupId>
    <artifactId>test</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
 
    <name>test</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
 
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <mockito.version>2.8.47</mockito.version>
        <powermock.version>1.7.0</powermock.version>
        <assertj.version>3.8.0</assertj.version>
    </properties>
 
    <dependencies>
        <!-- test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
            <version>${mockito.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
            <version>${powermock.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
            <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito2</artifactId>
            <version>${powermock.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
            <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
            <version>${assertj.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- utils -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>20.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
 
    </build>
</project>
 

三 简单的测试

    测试抛异常,无返回值的方法测试,私有方法测试
1)被测试类
package x.test.simple;
 
import com.google.common.base.Strings;
 
/**
* 测试demo class
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public class HelloWho {
 
    private String who;
 
    public HelloWho(String who) {
        //条件路径
        if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(who)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("who can not be null!");
        }
        //赋值路径
        this.who = who;
    }
 
    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println(getHelloMessage());
    }
 
 
    private String getHelloMessage() {
        return "Hello " + who;
    }
}
 
2)测试类
package x.test.simple;

import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.powermock.reflect.Whitebox;

/**
 * 基础测试:
 * <p>
 * 1 测试抛异常
 * 2 测试无返回值
 * 3 测试私有方法
 */
public class HelloWhoTest {


    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
    public void test_construction_empty_who_throw_exception() {
        new HelloWho("");
    }

    @Test(expected = IllegalArgumentException.class)
    public void test_construction_null_who_throw_exception() {
        new HelloWho(null);
    }

    /**
     * 无返回值的方法测试,查看其修改的成员变量是否成功
     */
    @Test
    public void test_construction_args_set_who() throws Exception {
        //预期结果
        String expectWho = "A";

        //执行被测试方法
        HelloWho helloWho = new HelloWho(expectWho);

        //白盒,获取修改的成员变量
        String actualWho = (String) Whitebox.getField(helloWho.getClass(), "who").get(helloWho);

        //断言
        Assertions.assertThat(actualWho).isEqualTo(expectWho);
    }

    /**
     * 测试私有方法
     */
    @Test
    public void test_getHelloMessage() throws Exception {
        //准备方法参数
        String who = "A";

        //准备预期结构
        String expextMessage = "Hello " + who;

        //执行被测试方法
        HelloWho helloWho = new HelloWho(who);
        String actualMessage = Whitebox.invokeMethod(helloWho, "getHelloMessage");

        //断言
        Assertions.assertThat(actualMessage).isEqualTo(expextMessage);
    }

}
 

四 基于Mock的测试

     依赖mock,私有方法mock,验证方法是否被执行

1)被依赖类Dao
package x.test.adv.dao.pojo;
 
/**
* 用户
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public class User {
 
}
 
package x.test.adv.dao;
 
 
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
 
/**
* 用户dao
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public interface UserDao {
 
    /**
     * 保存
     *
     * @param user 用户
     * @return true : 保存成功 ; false : 用户已存在
     */
    boolean save(User user);
}
 
2)待测试类Service
package x.test.adv.service;
 
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
 
/**
* 用户服务
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public interface UserService {
 
    /**
     * 保存 , 如果保存成功,记录日志
     *
     * @param user user
     */
    void save(User user);
}
 
package x.test.adv.service.impl;
 
import x.test.adv.dao.UserDao;
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
import x.test.adv.service.UserService;
 
/**
* 带依赖的测试
* <p>
* Created by shilei on 2017/7/10.
*/
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
 
    private UserDao userDao;
 
    @Override
    public void save(User user) {
        //保存
        boolean isSave = userDao.save(user);
 
        //写大数据日志
        if (isSave) {
            writeLog(user);
        }
 
    }
 
    private void writeLog(User user) {
        System.out.println(user);
    }
 
}
 
3)测试类
package x.test.adv.service.impl;
 
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.Mockito;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
import org.powermock.modules.junit4.PowerMockRunner;
import x.test.adv.dao.UserDao;
import x.test.adv.dao.pojo.User;
 
/**
* 带依赖的测试:
* 1 mock 依赖
* 2 mock 私有方法
*/
@RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
//mock 静态方法,私有方法,需要添加该注解,以便通知框架
@PrepareForTest(UserServiceImpl.class)
public class UserServiceImplTest {
 
    //mock 依赖注入到该bean
    @InjectMocks
    private UserServiceImpl userServiceImpl;
 
    //mock 依赖
    @Mock
    private UserDao userDao;
 
    //完成依赖注入
    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }
 
    /**
     * 测试保存成功,写日志
     */
    @Test
    public void test_save_true_verify_writelog() throws Exception {
        // 侦查对象
        UserServiceImpl spyUserService = PowerMockito.spy(userServiceImpl);
 
        //创建输入
        User user = new User();
 
        //打桩
        // mock 依赖行为,等价于  BDDMockito.given(userDao.save(user)).willReturn(true);
        Mockito.when(userDao.save(user)).thenReturn(true);
        //mock 私有方法
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(spyUserService, "writeLog", user);
 
        //调用实际方法
        spyUserService.save(user);
 
        //断言 writelog 被执行一次
        PowerMockito.verifyPrivate(spyUserService, Mockito.times(1)).invoke("writeLog", user);
    }
 
    /**
     * 测试保存成功,写日志
     */
    @Test
    public void test_save_false_no_writelog() throws Exception{
        // 侦查对象
        UserServiceImpl spyUserService = PowerMockito.spy(userServiceImpl);
 
        //创建输入
        User user = new User();
 
        //打桩
        // mock 依赖行为,等价于  BDDMockito.given(userDao.save(user)).willReturn(true);
        Mockito.when(userDao.save(user)).thenReturn(false);
        //mock 私有方法
        PowerMockito.doNothing().when(spyUserService, "writeLog", user);
 
        //调用实际方法
        spyUserService.save(user);
 
        //断言 writelog 被执行一次
        PowerMockito.verifyPrivate(spyUserService, Mockito.times(0)).invoke("writeLog", user);
    }
}