欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  后端开发

PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解_PHP教程

程序员文章站 2024-01-30 17:44:10
...

PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解

  这篇文章主要介绍了PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解,本文分别讲解了Coutable接口、OuterIterator接口、RecursiveIterator接口、SeekableIterator接口、SplObserver和SplSubject接口等内容,需要的朋友可以参考下

  PHP SPL标准库总共有6个接口,如下:

  1.Countable

  2.OuterIterator

  3.RecursiveIterator

  4.SeekableIterator

  5.SplObserver

  6.SplSubject

  其中OuterIterator、RecursiveIterator、SeekableIterator都是继承Iterator类的,下面会对每种接口作用和使用进行详细说明。

  Coutable接口:

  实现Countable接口的对象可用于count()函数计数。

  代码如下:

  class Mycount implements Countable

  {

  public function count()

  {

  static $count = 0;

  $count++;

  return $count;

  }

  }

  $count = new Mycount();

  $count->count();

  $count->count();

  echo count($count); //3

  echo count($count); //4

  说明:

  调用count()函数时,Mycount::count()方法被调用

  count()函数的第二个参数将不会产生影响

  OuterIterator接口:

  自定义或修改迭代过程。

   代码如下:

  //IteratorIterator是OuterIterator的一个实现类

  class MyOuterIterator extends IteratorIterator {

  public function current()

  {

  return parent::current() . 'TEST';

  }

  }

  foreach(new MyOuterIterator(new ArrayIterator(['b','a','c'])) as $key => $value) {

  echo "$key->$value".PHP_EOL;

  }

  /*

  结果:

  0->bTEST

  1->aTEST

  2->cTEST

  */

  在实际运用中,OuterIterator极其有用:

   代码如下:

  $db = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'root', 'mckee');

  $db->query('set names utf8');

  $pdoStatement = $db->query('SELECT * FROM test1', PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

  $iterator = new IteratorIterator($pdoStatement);

  $tenRecordArray = iterator_to_array($iterator);

  print_r($tenRecordArray);

  RecursiveIterator接口:

  用于循环迭代多层结构的数据,RecursiveIterator另外提供了两个方法:

  RecursiveIterator::getChildren 获取当前元素下子迭代器

  RecursiveIterator::hasChildren 判断当前元素下是否有迭代器

  代码如下:

  class MyRecursiveIterator implements RecursiveIterator

  {

  private $_data;

  private $_position = 0;

  public function __construct(array $data) {

  $this->_data = $data;

  }

  public function valid() {

  return isset($this->_data[$this->_position]);

  }

  public function hasChildren() {

  return is_array($this->_data[$this->_position]);

  }

  public function next() {

  $this->_position++;

  }

  public function current() {

  return $this->_data[$this->_position];

  }

  public function getChildren() {

  print_r($this->_data[$this->_position]);

  }

  public function rewind() {

  $this->_position = 0;

  }

  public function key() {

  return $this->_position;

  }

  }

  $arr = array(0, 1=> array(10, 20), 2, 3 => array(1, 2));

  $mri = new MyRecursiveIterator($arr);

  foreach ($mri as $c => $v) {

  if ($mri->hasChildren()) {

  echo "$c has children: " .PHP_EOL;

  $mri->getChildren();

  } else {

  echo "$v" .PHP_EOL;

  }

  }

  /*

  结果:

  0

  1 has children:

  Array

  (

  [0] => 10

  [1] => 20

  )

  2

  3 has children:

  Array

  (

  [0] => 1

  [1] => 2

  )

  */

  SeekableIterator接口:

  通过seek()方法实现可搜索的迭代器,用于搜索某个位置下的元素。

   代码如下:

  class MySeekableIterator implements SeekableIterator {

  private $position = 0;

  private $array = array(

  "first element" ,

  "second element" ,

  "third element" ,

  "fourth element"

  );

  public function seek ( $position ) {

  if (!isset( $this -> array [ $position ])) {

  throw new OutOfBoundsException ( "invalid seek position ( $position )" );

  }

  $this -> position = $position ;

  }

  public function rewind () {

  $this -> position = 0 ;

  }

  public function current () {

  return $this -> array [ $this -> position ];

  }

  public function key () {

  return $this -> position ;

  }

  public function next () {

  ++ $this -> position ;

  }

  public function valid () {

  return isset( $this -> array [ $this -> position ]);

  }

  }

  try {

  $it = new MySeekableIterator ;

  echo $it -> current (), "\n" ;

  $it -> seek ( 2 );

  echo $it -> current (), "\n" ;

  $it -> seek ( 1 );

  echo $it -> current (), "\n" ;

  $it -> seek ( 10 );

  } catch ( OutOfBoundsException $e ) {

  echo $e -> getMessage ();

  }

  /*

  结果:

  first element

  third element

  second element

  invalid seek position ( 10 )

  */

  SplObserver和SplSubject接口:

  SplObserver和SplSubject接口用来实现观察者设计模式,观察者设计模式是指当一个类的状态发生变化时,依赖它的对象都会收到通知并更新。使用场景非常广泛,比如说当一个事件发生后,需要更新多个逻辑操作,传统方式是在事件添加后编写逻辑,这种代码耦合并难以维护,观察者模式可实现低耦合的通知和更新机制。

  看看SplObserver和SplSubject的接口结构:

   代码如下:

  //SplSubject结构 被观察的对象

  interface SplSubject{

  public function attach(SplObserver $observer); //添加观察者

  public function detach(SplObserver $observer); //剔除观察者

  public function notify(); //通知观察者

  }

  //SplObserver结构 代表观察者

  interface SplObserver{

  public function update(SplSubject $subject); //更新操作

  }

  看下面一个实现观察者的例子:

  复制代码 代码如下:

  class Subject implements SplSubject

  {

  private $observers = array();

  public function attach(SplObserver $observer)

  {

  $this->observers[] = $observer;

  }

  public function detach(SplObserver $observer)

  {

  if($index = array_search($observer, $this->observers, true)) {

  unset($this->observers[$index]);

  }

  }

  public function notify()

  {

  foreach($this->observers as $observer) {

  $observer->update($this);

  }

  }

  }

  class Observer1 implements SplObserver

  {

  public function update(SplSubject $subject)

  {

  echo "逻辑1代码".PHP_EOL;

  }

  }

  class Observer2 implements SplObserver

  {

  public function update(SplSubject $subject)

  {

  echo "逻辑2代码".PHP_EOL;

  }

  }

  $subject = new Subject();

  $subject->attach(new Observer1());

  $subject->attach(new Observer2());

  $subject->notify();

  /*

  结果:

  逻辑1代码

  逻辑2代码

  */

www.bkjia.comtruehttp://www.bkjia.com/PHPjc/998359.htmlTechArticlePHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解 这篇文章主要介绍了PHP SPL标准库之接口(Interface)详解,本文分别讲解了Coutable接口、OuterIterator接口、Recursi...
相关标签: PHP