欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页  >  IT编程

Python监控服务器利器--psutil

程序员文章站 2024-01-29 15:43:10
服务器的监控通过安装一些常用的监控软件之外,有时也需要运行一些shell或Python脚本;shell下可以使用系统自带的ps/free/top/df等shell命令,Python可以调用subprocess等模块来运行shell命令,不过这么做就比较麻烦。这里有一个比较好用的第三方模块:psuti ......

服务器的监控通过安装一些常用的监控软件之外,有时也需要运行一些shell或python脚本;shell下可以使用系统自带的ps/free/top/df等shell命令,python可以调用subprocess等模块来运行shell命令,不过这么做就比较麻烦。这里有一个比较好用的第三方模块:psutil。
  psutil是一个跨平台的库,用于在python中检索有关运行进程和系统利用率(cpu,内存,磁盘,网络,传感器)的信息。它主要用于系统监视,分析,限制进程资源和运行进程的管理。它实现了unix命令行工具提供的许多功能,例如:ps,top,lsof,netstat,ifconfig,who,df,kill,free,nice,ionice,iostat,iotop,uptime,pidof,tty,taskset,pmap。 psutil目前支持以下平台:

  • linux
  • windows
  • osx,
  • freebsd, openbsd, netbsd
  • sun solaris
  • aix

...
等装有python2.6至3.6的32-bit和64-bit架构. 也可以在pypy上运行。

安装

文中示例均在python版本3.6环境下运行;

# pip3 install psutil

常用模块

获取psutil版本信息

in [1]: import psutil
in [2]: psutil.version_info
out[2]: (5, 4, 3

ps:如有需要python学习资料的小伙伴可以加点击下方链接自行获取
note.youdao.com/noteshare?id=2dce86d0c2588ae7c0a88bee34324d76

获取cpu信息

in [3]: psutil.cpu_count() # 逻辑cpu核数
out[3]: 4
in [4]: psutil.cpu_count(logical=false) # 物理cpu核数
out[4]: 2
in [5]: psutil.cpu_times() # cpu的用户、系统、空闲时间
out[5]: scputimes(user=240773.0, nice=0.0, system=96416.32, idle=1161930.41)
in [9]: psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=true) # 获取每个cpu的使用率,类似top命令
out[9]: [43.3, 22.0, 42.0, 23.0]
in [10]: top = [psutil.cpu_percent(interval=i, percpu=true) for i in range(10)] #设置每秒刷新时间间隔,统计十次的结果
in [11]: top
out[11]:
[[40.8, 19.7, 38.5, 20.7],
[25.7, 5.9, 13.0, 5.0],
[35.0, 15.6, 30.0, 14.4],
[23.7, 7.0, 18.3, 7.4],
[38.5, 17.0, 34.2, 17.5],
[37.2, 19.6, 36.3, 20.0],
[29.6, 16.6, 28.8, 16.8],
[37.7, 19.0, 35.4, 18.7],
[30.8, 16.3, 26.9, 16.5],
[44.2, 27.9, 41.5, 28.6]]

获取内存信息

in [13]: psutil.virtual_memory() #获取内存统计数据,单位bytes,我这里8g内存
out[13]: svmem(total=8589934592, available=1891045376, percent=78.0, used=6053986304, free=15130624, active=1878392832, inactive=1875914752, wired=2299678720)
in [14]: psutil.swap_memory() # 获取swap的统计数据
out[14]: sswap(total=2147483648, used=1340866560, free=806617088, percent=62.4, sin=126090076160, sout=3524710400)

获取磁盘信息

in [17]: psutil.disk_partitions() #获取磁盘分区信息
out[17]: [sdiskpart(device='/dev/disk1', mountpoint='/', fstype='hfs', opts='rw,local,rootfs,dovolfs,journaled,multilabel')]
in [20]: psutil.disk_usage('/') # 获取分区使用情况,这里使用了25.4%
out[20]: sdiskusage(total=499055067136, used=126482944000, free=372309979136, percent=25.4)
in [22]: psutil.disk_io_counters() #磁盘io情况
out[22]: sdiskio(read_count=7364142, write_count=6510641, read_bytes=282106464256, write_bytes=261763244544, read_time=2608778, write_time=1095259)

获取网络信息

in [23]: psutil.net_if_stats() # 获取网卡接口状态
out[23]:
{'awdl0': snicstats(isup=true, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_unknown: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1484),
'bridge0': snicstats(isup=true, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_unknown: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1500),
'en0': snicstats(isup=true, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_unknown: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1500),
'en1': snicstats(isup=true, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_full: 2>, speed=0, mtu=1500),
'en2': snicstats(isup=true, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_full: 2>, speed=0, mtu=1500),
'gif0': snicstats(isup=false, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_unknown: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1280),
'lo0': snicstats(isup=true, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_unknown: 0>, speed=0, mtu=16384),
'p2p0': snicstats(isup=true, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_unknown: 0>, speed=0, mtu=2304),
'stf0': snicstats(isup=false, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_unknown: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1280),
'utun0': snicstats(isup=true, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_unknown: 0>, speed=0, mtu=2000),
'utun1': snicstats(isup=true, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_unknown: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1352)}
in [25]: psutil.net_if_stats().get("en0") #获取单个网卡en0的状态
out[25]: snicstats(isup=true, duplex=<nicduplex.nic_duplex_unknown: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1500)
in [26]: psutil.net_if_addrs() # 获取所有网卡的地址信息
out[26]:
{'awdl0': [snic(family=<addressfamily.af_link: 18>, address='36:7d:f3:80:6e:4e', netmask=none, broadcast=none, ptp=none),
snic(family=<addressfamily.af_inet6: 30>, address='fe80::347d:f3ff:fe80:6e4e%awdl0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=none, ptp=none)],
'bridge0': [snic(family=<addressfamily.af_link: 18>, address='4a:00:02:c0:33:70', netmask=none, broadcast=none, ptp=none)],
'en0': [snic(family=<addressfamily.af_inet: 2>, address='192.168.0.101', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='192.168.0.255', ptp=none),
snic(family=<addressfamily.af_link: 18>, address='ac:bc:32:91:32:8b', netmask=none, broadcast=none, ptp=none),
snic(family=<addressfamily.af_inet6: 30>, address='fe80::1476:ce7e:210a:2e32%en0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=none, ptp=none)],
'en1': [snic(family=<addressfamily.af_link: 18>, address='4a:00:02:c0:33:70', netmask=none, broadcast=none, ptp=none)],
'en2': [snic(family=<addressfamily.af_link: 18>, address='4a:00:02:c0:33:71', netmask=none, broadcast=none, ptp=none)],
'lo0': [snic(family=<addressfamily.af_inet: 2>, address='127.0.0.1', netmask='255.0.0.0', broadcast=none, ptp=none),
snic(family=<addressfamily.af_inet6: 30>, address='::1', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=none, ptp=none),
snic(family=<addressfamily.af_inet6: 30>, address='fe80::1%lo0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=none, ptp=none)],
'p2p0': [snic(family=<addressfamily.af_link: 18>, address='0e:bc:32:91:32:8b', netmask=none, broadcast=none, ptp=none)],
'utun0': [snic(family=<addressfamily.af_inet6: 30>, address='fe80::583c:77a0:6b93:b045%utun0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=none, ptp=none)],
'utun1': [snic(family=<addressfamily.af_inet: 2>, address='10.5.200.244', netmask=none, broadcast=none, ptp='10.5.200.244')]}
# 获取en0网卡的地址, 这里包括mac和ipv6地址
in [40]: for addr in psutil.net_if_addrs().get("en0"):
...: print(addr.address)
192.168.0.101
ac:bc:32:91:32:8b
fe80::1476:ce7e:210a:2e32%en0
in [43]: psutil.net_io_counters() # 获取网络读写字节/包的个数
out[43]: snetio(bytes_sent=174614221, bytes_recv=586279725, packets_sent=863903, packets_recv=873583, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)
in [45]: psutil.net_connections() # 获取网络连接信息,注意这里需要root权限。

获取进程信息:

in [46]: psutil.pids() # 获取所有进程id
in [47]: psutil.process(61) # 获取指定pid的进程信息
out[47]: psutil.process(pid=61, name='dsaccessservice', started='2018-02-26 09:57:04')
in [49]: psutil.process(45573).exe() # 获取进程的exe路径
out[49]: '/usr/local/cellar/python3/3.6.3/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/resources/python.app/contents/macos/python'
in [50]: psutil.process(45573).name() # 获取进程名称
out[50]: 'python'
in [52]: psutil.process(45573).cmdline() # 获取进程启动的命令
out[52]:
['/usr/local/cellar/python3/3.6.3/frameworks/python.framework/versions/3.6/resources/python.app/contents/macos/python',
'/usr/local/bin/ptipython']
in [56]: psutil.process(45573).num_threads() # 获取进程的线程数量
out[56]: 3
in [57]: psutil.process(45573).environ() # 获取进程的环境变量信息

总结:

使用psutil模块可以做到比较全面的对系统的监控,如果你正在考虑用python做一个监控系统或者脚本工具,可以有些考虑此模块。