Python日期和时间函数
Python时间和日期操作需要用到datetime和time标准库模块。
一、time模块
1.time模块表示时间的方式
①时间戳
②格式化的时间字符串
③以数组的形式表示,即(struct_time),共有九个元素
- year (four digits, e.g. 1998)
- month (1-12)
- day (1-31)
- hours (0-23)
- minutes (0-59)
- seconds (0-59)
- weekday (0-6, Monday is 0)
- Julian day (day in the year, 1-366)
- DST (Daylight Savings Time) flag (-1, 0 or 1) 是否是夏令时
2.常用函数
①asctime([tuple]) -> string
将一个struct_time(默认为当时时间),转换成字符串。
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.asctime()
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'Sun Jul 31 11:10:39 2016'</span>
>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.asctime(timeTuple)
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'Sun Jul 31 12:12:12 2016'</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>
②ctime(seconds) -> string
将一个时间戳(默认为当前时间)转换成一个时间字符串。
<code class="hljs python has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>time.ctime()
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'Sun Jul 31 11:11:33 2016'</span>
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>time.ctime(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span>)
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'Sun Jul 31 12:12:12 2016'</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
③ gmtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year, tm_mon, tm_day, tm_hour, tm_min,tm_sec, tm_wday, tm_yday, tm_isdst)
将一个时间戳转换成一个UTC时区(0时区)的struct_time,如果seconds参数未输入,则以当前时间为转换标准。
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">gmtime</span>()
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.struct_time(tm_year=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>, tm_mon=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>, tm_mday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>, tm_hour=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>, tm_min=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">15</span>, tm_sec=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">35</span>, tm_wday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>, tm_yday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">213</span>, tm_isdst=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">gmtime</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.struct_time(tm_year=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>, tm_mon=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>, tm_mday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>, tm_hour=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>, tm_min=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_sec=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_wday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>, tm_yday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">213</span>, tm_isdst=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
④localtime([seconds]) -> (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_day,tm_hour,tm_min,tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst)
将一个时间戳转换成一个当前时区的struct_time,如果seconds参数未输入,则以当前时间为转换标准。
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">localtime</span>()
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.struct_time(tm_year=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>, tm_mon=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>, tm_mday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>, tm_hour=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">11</span>, tm_min=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">17</span>, tm_sec=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">17</span>, tm_wday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>, tm_yday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">213</span>, tm_isdst=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">localtime</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.struct_time(tm_year=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>, tm_mon=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>, tm_mday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>, tm_hour=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_min=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_sec=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_wday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>, tm_yday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">213</span>, tm_isdst=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
⑤ mktime(tuple) -> floating point number
将一个以struct_time转换为时间戳。
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.mktime(timeTuple)
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332.0</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
⑥ strftime(format[, tuple]) -> string
将指定的struct_time(默认为当前时间),根据指定的格式化字符串输出。
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'2016-07-31 11:20:41'</span>
>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>,timeTuple)
<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'2016-07-31 12:12:12'</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li></ul>
⑦strptime(string, format) -> struct_time
将时间字符串根据指定的格式化符转换成数组形式的时间。
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> timeTuple
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.struct_time(tm_year=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>, tm_mon=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">7</span>, tm_mday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>, tm_hour=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_min=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_sec=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>, tm_wday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">6</span>, tm_yday=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">213</span>, tm_isdst=-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
⑧time() -> floating point number
返回当前时间的时间戳。
<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>()
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469935566.776</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
二、datetime模块
1.datetime中的常量
- datetime.MINYEAR,表示datetime所能表示的最小年份,MINYEAR = 1。
- datetime.MAXYEAR,表示datetime所能表示的最大年份,MAXYEAR = 9999。
2.datetime中的类
- datetime.date:表示日期的类。常用的属性有year, month, day;
- datetime.time:表示时间的类。常用的属性有hour, minute, second, microsecond;
- datetime.datetime:表示日期时间。
- datetime.timedelta:表示时间间隔,即两个时间点之间的长度。
- datetime.tzinfo:与时区有关的相关信息。
3.date类
date类表示一个由年、月、日组成的日期。
①类方法与类属性
date类定义了一些常用的类方法与类属性,方便我们操作:
- date.max、date.min:date对象所能表示的最大、最小日期;
- date.resolution:date对象表示日期的最小单位。这里是天。
- date.today():返回一个表示当前本地日期的date对象;
- date.fromtimestamp(timestamp):根据给定的时间戮,返回一个date对象;
- datetime.fromordinal(ordinal):将Gregorian日历时间转换为date对象;(Gregorian Calendar :一种日历表示方法,类似于我国的农历,西方国家使用比较多,此处不详细展开讨论。)
②实例方法和属性
date提供的实例方法和属性:
- date.year、date.month、date.day:年、月、日;
- date.replace(year, month,day):生成一个新的日期对象,用参数指定的年,月,日代替原有对象中的属性。(原有对象仍保持不变)
- date.timetuple():返回日期对应的time.struct_time对象;
- date.toordinal():返回日期对应的Gregorian Calendar日期;
- date.weekday():返回weekday,如果是星期一,返回0;如果是星期2,返回1,以此类推;
- data.isoweekday():返回weekday,如果是星期一,返回1;如果是星期2,返回2,以此类推;
- date.isocalendar():返回格式如(year,month,day)的元组;
- date.isoformat():返回格式如’YYYY-MM-DD’的字符串;
- date.strftime(fmt):自定义格式化字符串。在下面详细讲解。
③date支持的其他操作
- date2 = date1 + timedelta #日期加上一个间隔,返回一个新的日期对象)
- date2 = date1 - timedelta #日期隔去间隔,返回一个新的日期对象
- timedelta = date1 - date2 #两个日期相减,返回一个时间间隔对象
- date1 < date2 #两个日期进行比较
4.Time类
time类表示时间,由时、分、秒以及微秒组成。
①time类定义的类属性
- time.min、time.max:time类所能表示的最小、最大时间。其中,time.min = time(0, 0, 0, 0),time.max = time(23, 59, 59, 999999);
- time.resolution:时间的最小单位,这里是1微秒;
②time类提供的实例方法和属性
- time.hour、time.minute、time.second、time.microsecond:时、分、秒、微秒;
- time.tzinfo:时区信息;
- time.replace([ hour[ , minute[ , second[ ,microsecond[ , tzinfo] ] ] ] ] ):创建一个新的时间对象,用参数指定的时、分、秒、微秒代替原有对象中的属性(原有对象仍保持不变);
- time.isoformat():返回型如”HH:MM:SS”格式的字符串表示;
- time.strftime(fmt):返回自定义格式化字符串。在下面详细介绍;
像date一样,也可以对两个time对象进行比较,或者相减返回一个时间间隔对象。
5.datetime类
datetime是date与time的结合体,包括date与time的所有信息。
①datetime类定义的类属性与方法
- datetime.min、datetime.max:datetime所能表示的最小值与最大值;
- datetime.resolution:datetime最小单位;
- datetime.today():返回一个表示当前本地时间的datetime对象;
- datetime.now([tz]):返回一个表示当前本地时间的datetime对象,如果提供了参数tz,则获取tz参数所指时区的本地时间;
- datetime.utcnow():返回一个当前utc时间的datetime对象;
- datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp[,tz]):根据时间戮创建一个datetime对象,参数tz指定时区信息;
- datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp):根据时间戮创建一个datetime对象;
- datetime.combine(date, time):根据date和time,创建一个datetime对象;
- datetime.strptime(date_string, format):将格式字符串转换为datetime对象;
②datetime类提供的实例方法与属性
- datetime.year、month、day、hour、minute、second、microsecond、tzinfo:年、月、日、时、分、秒、毫秒、时区;
- datetime.date():获取date对象。
- datetime.time():获取time对象。
- datetime. replace([ year[ , month[ , day[ , hour[ , minute[ , second[ , microsecond[ ,tzinfo] ] ] ] ] ] ] ]): 返回一个替换了指定日期时间字段的新datetime对象。
- datetime.timetuple ():返回一个时间元素, 等价于time.localtime()。
- datetime. utctimetuple():返回UTC时间元组对象, 等价于time.localtime()。
- datetime. toordinal ():返回日期对应的Gregorian Calendar 日期。
- datetime. weekday ():返回 0 ~ 6 表示星期几(星期一是0,依此类推)。
- datetime. isocalendar ():返回一个三元组格式 (year, month, day)。
- datetime. isoformat ([ sep] ):返回一个 ISO 8601 格式的日期字符串,如 “YYYY-MM-DD”的字符串。
- datetime. ctime():返回一个日期时间的C格式字符串,等效于time.ctime(time.mktime(dt.timetuple()));
- datetime. strftime (format):返回自定义格式化字符串表示日期。
像date一样,也可以对两个datetime对象进行比较,或者相减返回一个时间间隔对象,或者日期时间加上一个间隔返回一个新的日期时间对象。
6.timedelta与tzinfo类
①timedelta类
datetime.timedelta对象代表两个时间之间的的时间差,两个date或datetime对象相减时可以返回一个timedelta对象。
timedelta包含数据days、seconds、microseconds,表示天数、秒数、微秒数,包含方法total_seconds() ,表示时间间隔的总秒数。
②tzinfo类
tzinfo:与时区有关的相关信息。
三、常见的日期时间操作
1.将字符串格式的日期转换为时间戳
方法:先将其转换为时间元组,再转换为时间戳。
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> timeStamp = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.mktime(timeTuple))
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> timeStamp
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
2.将时间戳转换为指定格式的日期
方法一
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> timeStamp = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span>
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">localtime</span>(timeStamp)
>>> otherTime = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>, timeTuple)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> otherTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
方法二
<code class="hljs python has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> datetime
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>timeStamp = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1469938332</span>
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>dt= datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timeStamp)
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>otherTime = dt.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"</span>)
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> otherTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">04</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
3.更改日期格式
方法:先转换为时间元组,然后转换为其他格式。
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> thisTime = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"2016-07-31 12:12:12"</span>
>>>timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strptime(thisTime, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>>otherTime = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>/<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>/<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>, timeTuple)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> otherTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>/<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">12</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
4.将当前时间并转换为指定日期格式
方法一:
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> nowStamp = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>())
>>> timeTuple = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">localtime</span>(nowStamp)
>>> otherTime = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>, timeTuple)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> otherTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">19</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">47</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
方法二:
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import datetime
>>> now = datetime.datetime.now()
>>> otherTime = now.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> otherTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">21</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">45</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
5、获取今天、昨天和明天的日期
<code class="hljs python has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">import</span> datetime
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>today = datetime.date.today()
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>yesterday = today - datetime.timedelta(days=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span>tomorrow = today + datetime.timedelta(days=<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)
<span class="hljs-prompt" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">>>> </span><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"昨天:%s, 今天:%s, 明天:%s"</span> % (yesterday, today, tomorrow)
昨天:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30</span>, 今天:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">31</span>, 明天:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">08</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">01</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
6.计算前1天、后一天的时间
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import datetime
>>> dtOneDayAgo = (datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)).strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> dtOneDayAfter = (datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>)).strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%Y</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%m</span>-<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%d</span> <span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> dtOneDayAgo,dtOneDayAfter
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">07</span>-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">39</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">54</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2016</span>-08-<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">01</span> <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">40</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">14</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
7、获取当前的时间
(1)使用time模块
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>
>>> currentTime = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">time</span>.strftime(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%H</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%M</span>:<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">%S</span>"</span>)
>>> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">print</span> currentTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">44</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">30</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>
(2)使用datetime模块
<code class="hljs vbscript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">>>> import datetime
>>> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">now</span> = datetime.datetime.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">now</span>()
>>> currentTime=str(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">now</span>.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">hour</span>)+<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">":"</span>+str(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">now</span>.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">minute</span>)+<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">":"</span>+str(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">now</span>.<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">second</span>)
>>> print currentTime
<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">52</span>:<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">18</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>
四、日期和时间的格式化参数
- %a 星期几的简写
- %A 星期几的全称
- %b 月分的简写
- %B 月份的全称
- %c 标准的日期的时间串
- %C 年份的后两位数字
- %d 十进制表示的每月的第几天
- %D 月/天/年
- %e 在两字符域中,十进制表示的每月的第几天
- %F 年-月-日
- %g 年份的后两位数字,使用基于周的年
- %G 年分,使用基于周的年
- %h 简写的月份名
- %H 24小时制的小时
- %I 12小时制的小时
- %j 十进制表示的每年的第几天
- %m 十进制表示的月份
- %M 十时制表示的分钟数
- %n 新行符
- %p 本地的AM或PM的等价显示
- %r 12小时的时间
- %R 显示小时和分钟:hh:mm
- %S 十进制的秒数
- %t 水平制表符
- %T 显示时分秒:hh:mm:ss
- %u 每周的第几天,星期一为第一天 (值从0到6,星期一为0)
- %U 第年的第几周,把星期日做为第一天(值从0到53)
- %V 每年的第几周,使用基于周的年
- %w 十进制表示的星期几(值从0到6,星期天为0)
- %W 每年的第几周,把星期一做为第一天(值从0到53)
- %x 标准的日期串
- %X 标准的时间串
- %y 不带世纪的十进制年份(值从0到99)
- %Y 带世纪部分的十制年份
- %z,%Z时区名称,如果不能得到时区名称则返回空字符。
- %% 百分号
转载于:https://my.oschina.net/tangzhichao/blog/781534
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