MySQL的练习
mysql登录:
方法1:
使用command line client登录,缺点:不显示报错信息
方法2:
使用cmd登录(cmd的常用:查看ip地址:ipcongfi-----定时关机:shutdown -s -t 10800,3小时=180分钟=180*60秒=10800秒)
1.切换到mysql\bin目录下
2.mysql -u root -p
方法3:带ip地址的登录,可以是本机ip,也可以是远程mysql服务器的ip地址
mysql -h 192.168.1.5 -u root -p
方法4:
1.查看mysql当前端口号:show global variables like 'port';
2.停止服务,更改端口号,my.ini,启动服务器
3.mysql -u root -p 3307 -p
4.查看mysql当前端口号:show global variables like 'port';
方法5:
1.解决1130报错
2.使用navicat登录
数据的命令:
创建库:
create database 库名称;
create database test1;
create database if not exists test1;
修改库:
自行学习
删除库:
drop database 库名称;
创建表:
create table 表名称 (
字段名1 字段类型 字段长度 [字段约束],
字段名2 字段类型 字段长度 [字段约束],
字段名3 字段类型 字段长度 [字段约束]
);
create table linux (
cd datetime not null,
ls varchar(10) default "yes",
pwd int(4)
);
insert into linux values("2019-5-31","today","4444");
insert into linux values("2019-5-31","","4444");
insert into linux values("2019-5-31",default,"4444");
插入数据:
insert into 表名称 values(v1,v2,v3);
insert into linux values("2019-5-31","today","4444");
insert into linux values("2019-5-31 16:36:50","today","4444");
insert into linux values("2019-5-32","today","4444");
insert into linux values("2019-5-31","today","1234567890");
insert into linux values("2019-5-31","today","12345678901");
insert into linux(cd,ls) values("2019-5-31","today");
insert into linux values("2019-5-31","today",default);
insert into linux values("2019-5-31","today","");
insert into linux values("2019-5-31","today",null);
修改表字段类型:
alter table 表名 modify 字段名 数据类型;
alter table linux modify pwd int;
alter table linux modify cd date;
修改表字段排序:
alter table 表名 modify 字段名1 数据类型 first;
alter table 表名 modify 字段名1 数据类型 after 字段名2;
alter table linux modify pwd int(11) after cd;
alter table linux modify ls varchar(10) first;
添加字段:
alter table 表名 add 新字段名 数据类型;
alter table 表名 add 新字段名 数据类型 [first|after 已存在字段名];
alter table linux add mkdir float;
alter table linux add rm double after cd;
删除字段:
alter tabel 表名 drop 原有字段名;
alter tabel linux drop column rm;
数据库字段的约束表达
not null 非空约束
default 默认约束
primary key 主键约束
auto_increment 自增长
create table linux (
pwd int(4) primary key auto_increment,
cd datetime not null,
ls varchar(10) default "yes"
);
insert into linux values(1,"2019-6-3","123");
insert into linux values(default,"2019-6-3","123");
以下是练习
create table employee (
empid varchar(12) primary key comment "员工编号",
name varchar(12) not null comment "员工姓名",
sex int comment "性别",
title varchar(8) comment "职称",
birthday date comment "生日",
depid varchar(10) comment "部门编号"
);
create table department (
depid varchar(12) primary key comment "部门编号",
depname varchar(8) comment "部门名称",
info varchar(8) comment "部门简介",
);
create table salary(
empid varchar(12),
basesalary int comment "基本工资",
stationsalary int comment "岗位工资"
);
insert into employee values(1001,"张三","1","高级工程师","1975-1-1",111);
insert into employee values(1002,"李四","0","助理工程师","1985-1-1",111);
insert into employee values(1003,"王五","1","工程师","1978-1-1",222);
insert into employee values(1004,"赵六","1","工程师","1979-1-1",222);
insert into department values(111,"生产部","1");
insert into department values(222,"销售部","2");
insert into department values(333,"人事部","3");
insert into salary values(1001,2200,1100);
insert into salary values(1002,1200,200);
insert into salary values(1003,1900,700);
insert into salary values(1004,1950,700);
添加外键:
alter table salary add constraint fk_id foreign key(empid) references emoloyee (empid);
alter table employee add constraint fk_depid foreign key(empid) references department(empid);
更改 表 员工表 添加 约束 约束名称employee 外键(员工表的empid) 关联 部门表(部门表的empid)