MAC上Git安装与GitHub基本使用

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一、安装Git

MAC 上安装Git主要有两种方式
首先查看电脑是否安装Git，终端输入：

git

安装过则会输出：

WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$ git
usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c name=value]
           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
           [-p | --paginate | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
           <command> [<args>]

These are common Git commands used in various situations:

start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)
   clone      Clone a repository into a new directory
   init       Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one

work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)
   add        Add file contents to the index
   mv         Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
   reset      Reset current HEAD to the specified state
   rm         Remove files from the working tree and from the index

examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)
   bisect     Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
   grep       Print lines matching a pattern
   log        Show commit logs
   show       Show various types of objects
   status     Show the working tree status

grow, mark and tweak your common history
   branch     List, create, or delete branches
   checkout   Switch branches or restore working tree files
   commit     Record changes to the repository
   diff       Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
   merge      Join two or more development histories together
   rebase     Reapply commits on top of another base tip
   tag        Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG

collaborate (see also: git help workflows)
   fetch      Download objects and refs from another repository
   pull       Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
   push       Update remote refs along with associated objects

'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'
to read about a specific subcommand or concept.

1、通过homebrew安装Git

• 1、未安装homebrew，需安装homebrew

/usr/bin/ruby -e “$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)”

• 2、安装git

brew install git

2、通过Xcode安装

直接从AppStore安装Xcode，Xcode集成了Git，不过默认没有安装，你需要运行Xcode，选择菜单“Xcode”->“Preferences”，在弹出窗口中找到“Downloads”，选择“Command Line Tools”，点“Install”就可以完成安装了。

二、创建ssh key、配置git

• 1、设置username和email（github每次commit都会记录他们）

git config --global user.name “wenbo”
git config --global user.email “[e-mail]”

• 2、通过终端命令创建ssh key

ssh-****** -t rsa -C “[e-mail]”

[e-mail]是我的邮件名，回车会有以下输出

Last login: Sat Jan  6 14:12:16 on ttys000
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$ ssh-****** -t rsa -C "[e-mail]"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/WENBO/.ssh/id_rsa): 
/Users/WENBO/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? n
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$ 

由于这里我原来已经创建过，这里我选n，没有创建过的，会要求确认路径和输入密码，我们这使用默认的一路回车就行。成功的话会在~/下生成.ssh文件夹，进去，打开id_rsa.pub，复制里面的key。
终端查看.ssh/id_rsa.pub文件

open .ssh/id_rsa.pub

回车后，就会新弹出一个终端，然后复制里面的key。
或者用cat命令查看

cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub

• 3、登录GitHub（默认你已经注册了GitHub账号），添加ssh key，点击Settings，如图

点击New SSH key，如图

添加key，如图

• 4、链接验证

ssh -T [e-mail]

终端输出结果

Last login: Sat Jan  6 14:42:55 on ttys000
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$ ssh -T [e-mail] 
Hi wenmobo! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.
WMBdeMacBook-Pro:~ WENBO$ 

说明已经链接成功。