欢迎您访问程序员文章站本站旨在为大家提供分享程序员计算机编程知识!
您现在的位置是: 首页

Oracle培训(十五)——Core Java第十五章知识点总结——网络编程

程序员文章站 2024-01-22 21:40:40
...

Core Java第十五章知识点总结——网络编程


知识点预览


网络应用的结构

网络中的基本概念

TCP编程

UDP编程

URL编程


网络应用的结构

1. 网络应用的结构


Oracle培训(十五)——Core Java第十五章知识点总结——网络编程


2. IP地址

a) 概念:用于唯一识别连接到Internet上的计算机

b) 地址表示形式

i. IPV4:点分十进制表示方式,四个整数用点分开,每个十进制数字代表一个8bits整数 如 192.168.123.1

ii. IPV6:点分十六进制表示方式,八个整数用点分开,每个十六进制数字代表一个16bits整数 如:CDCD:910A:2222:5498:8475:1111:3900:2020


3.域名 便于记忆 由DNS(域名服务器)进行解析


4.本地IP 127.0.0.1等同于localhost


5.端口号 数字 计算机网络中的计算机唯一标识一个软件(或者说进程)


6.协议

Oracle培训(十五)——Core Java第十五章知识点总结——网络编程


TCP编程

1.TCP协议简介

TCP协议是一个有连接、可靠的协议。

类似于打电话

可靠:数据不会丢失,接收方接收的数据包有序


2. TCP编程

java.net.Socket//套接字

java.net.ServerSocket


3. TCP编程的核心思路

a)开发服务器端

ServerSocket ss = newServerSocket();

ss.accept();

b) 开发客户端

Socket s = new Socket(“150.236.56.101”,9000);


Oracle培训(十五)——Core Java第十五章知识点总结——网络编程


4.总结

a)服务器端

i. 创建ServerSocket对象(并绑定端口)

ii.调用accept方法,等待客户端的连接

iii.调用getXXXStream,并进行I/O

iv.关闭Socket

b) 客户端

i.创建Socket对象,并连接服务器

ii. 调用getXXXStream,并进行I/O

iii.关闭Socket


5. 具体示例

a) 客户端发送一个helloworld串

package chp15.ex01;

import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPClient.java
 * @Description: TCP客户端的创建
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TCPClient {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//创建Socket对象(并连接服务器)
		Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9001);
		//调用getXXXStream方法,进行I/O
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream());
		pw.println("hello world");
		pw.flush();
		//关闭 
		s.close();
	}
}

b) 服务器端接受字符串并打印

package chp15.ex01;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPServer.java
 * @Description: TCP服务器端的创建
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TCPServer {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//创建ServerSocket对象(并绑定端口)
		ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9001);
		//调用accept方法
		Socket s = ss.accept();
		
		//调用getXXXStream方法,进行I/O
		BufferedReader br = 
			new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())
			);
		String line = br.readLine();
		
		System.out.println(line);
		//关闭Socket
		s.close();
  }
} 

c)客户端发送一个helloworld串,并接受服务器端回传的from serve helloworld

package chp15.ex02;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPClient.java
 * @Description: TCP 客户端 完成读写
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TCPClient {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//创建Socket对象(并连接服务器)
		Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9000);
		//调用getXXXStream方法,进行I/O
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream());
		pw.println("hello world");
		pw.flush();
    		
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())
			);
		String line = br.readLine();
        System.out.println(line);
		//关闭Socket
		s.close();
	}
}

d)服务器端回传的from serve helloworld

package chp15.ex02;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPServer.java
 * @Description: TCP服务器端 完成读写
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TCPServer {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9000);
		Socket s = ss.accept();
		
		BufferedReader br = 
			new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())
			);
		String line = br.readLine();
		
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(
				s.getOutputStream());
		pw.println("from server" + line );
		pw.flush();
		s.close();
	}
}

6. 程序存在的问题:服务器只能运行一次

while(true){

调用accept()方法

调用getXXXStream方法,进行I/O

关闭Socket

}

package chp15.ex03;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPServer.java
 * @Description: TCP 服务器端 带多线程
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
class ServerThread extends Thread{
	private Socket s;
    public ServerThread(Socket s) {
		this.s = s;
	}
	public void run(){
		try{
			BufferedReader br = 
				new BufferedReader(
					new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())
				);
			String line = br.readLine();
			
			PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(
					s.getOutputStream());
			pw.println(line + " from server");
			pw.flush();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}finally{try {s.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}
		}
	}
}


public class TCPServer {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9000);
		while(true){
		  Socket s = ss.accept();
		  Thread st = new ServerThread(s);
		  st.start();
		}
	}
}


package chp15.ex03;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TCPClient.java
 * @Description: TCP 客户端
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TCPClient {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//创建Socket对象(并连接服务器)
		Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9000);
		//调用getXXXStream方法,进行I/O
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(s.getOutputStream());
		pw.println("hello world");
		pw.flush();
    		
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream())
			);
		String line = br.readLine();
        System.out.println(line);
		//关闭Socket
		s.close();
	}
}

UDP编程


1.UDP协议简介

UDP是一个无连接,不可靠的协议。即:数据的发送方只负责将数据发送出去,数据的接收方值负责接收数据。发送方和接收方不会相互确认数据的传输是否成功。

存在的意义:效率高,在实时性较强的场合适用。

示例:发短信


2.UDP编程

java.net.DatagramSocket(想象成传真机)

java.net.DatagramPacket(想象成传真机上的纸)


3.UDP编程的核心思路

a) 服务器端 DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9000);

b) 客户端 DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

客户端不用端口号

端口号和协议相关 本机TCP和UDP可以使用相同的端口号


4. DatagramPacket

DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int offset,int length);

DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int offset,int length,SocketAddress);

SocketAddress:接口 使用时用它的实现类 InetSocketAddress

getAddress()/getSoketAddress()/getPort()/getLength()

setAddress()/setSoketAddress()/setPort()/setLength()

package chp15.ex05;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: UDPServer.java
 * @Description: UDP 服务器端 完成读写
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class UDPServer {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		
		DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9000);
	  
		byte[] buf = new byte[100];
		DatagramPacket paper = new DatagramPacket(
				buf, 0, buf.length);
		socket.receive(paper);
		String str = new String(buf, 0 , paper.getLength());
		System.out.println(str);
		
		byte[] data = "hello client".getBytes();
		DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(
							data, 0 ,data.length,
							paper.getSocketAddress()
				       );
		socket.send(packet);
		socket.close();
        
	}
}


package chp15.ex05;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: UDPClient.java
 * @Description: UDP 客户端 完成读写
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class UDPClient {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
		String str = "hello server";
		byte[] data = str.getBytes();
		DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(
				data, 0, data.length,
				new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 9000)
			);
		socket.send(packet);
		
		byte[] buf = new byte[100];
		DatagramPacket paper = new DatagramPacket(
					buf, 0, buf.length
				);
		socket.receive(paper);
		String msg = new String(buf, 0, paper.getLength());
		System.out.println(msg);
		socket.close();
	}
}

URL编程


1. URL概念

URL统一资源定位符——互联网中唯一定位一个资源


2. URL组成

协议名://主机名(或者IP地址):端口号/资源

http://localhost:8080/web/a.jpg

http://www.oracle.com/index.html


3. URL编程

a) URL

b)URLConnection


4. URL编程思路

a) 创建URL对象

b) 调用URL对象的openConnection方法获得URLConnection对象

c) 调用URLConnection对象的getInputStream方法,获得输入流,从而获得资源

d) I/O操作

e) 关闭资源


package chp15.ex06;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

/**
 * 
 * @Author: Wentasy
 * @FullName: TestURL.java
 * @Description: URL 编程
 * 				a)创建URL对象
				b)调用URL对象的openConnection方法获得URLConnection对象
				c)调用URLConnection对象的getInputStream方法,获得输入流,从而获得资源
				d)I/O操作
				e)关闭资源
 * @Create Date: 2012-8-20
 */
public class TestURL {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//创建URL对象
		URL url = new URL("http://www.oracle.com");
		//调用URL对象的openConnection方法,获得URLConnection
		URLConnection conn = url.openConnection();
		//调用URLConnection方法的getInputStream
		InputStream in = conn.getInputStream();
		//I/O操作
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
				new InputStreamReader(in));
		String line = null;
		while( (line=br.readLine()) != null ){
			System.out.println(line);
		}
			br.close();
	 }

}