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ansible简介以及一些常用用法

程序员文章站 2024-01-22 21:32:34
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1. ansible

提高效率自动化运维的工具

  • 自动化：
    系统自动化（PXE+KS/PXE+cobblet）
    程序自动化（ansible/saltstack/pupper）
    代码自动化（JenKins）

程序自动化分为两类

1） C/S架构： saltstack puppet
2） 无客户端模式： ansible（主控端/被控端）

三者区别

ansible： 基于Python开发，使用ssh 协议，没有客户端，200-300台被控端，适用于中小型应用环境，一个系统控制多台主机

saltstack ：基于Python开发，支持统一管理，比较轻量级 500
PYthon编写，需要部署 agent 主控制端通过安装在被控制端的代理来对被控端进行操作

puppet： ruby语言编写，重型，适合大型环境，谷歌使用 软件过于复杂，国内一般不使用 1000+

、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、、

1. 实验环境

ansible（控制端） ： 192.168.116.10/24
server_1 （被控制端）： 192.168.116.11/24
server_2（被控制端）： 192.168.116.12/24
server_3（被控制端）： 192.168.116.13/24

1）安装ansible

  • 安装 系统扩展yum源
yum -y install epel-release	
#  epel（extend packages for Enterprose） 属于 企业版linux扩展源yum 包
  • 创建 yum 缓存，加快下载安装速度。
[[email protected] ~]# yum makecache fast
  • 安装ansible
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install ansible

2. 生成秘钥对

  • 生成秘钥对，用于免密登录其他服务器
    另外两台服务器也需要

    [[email protected] ~]# ssh-****** 
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:6lDiyTi6pBp5q898/TB173uor6CjmeeBkG0u4LCY49M [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|                 |
|                 |
|                 |
|   o             |
|o o + . S .      |
|+= B = o . .     |
|Bo* B.= .   ..   |
|+O E.=+= . .. .  |
|B=*.+++o. o++o   |
+----[SHA256]-----+

[[email protected] ~]# ls /root/.ssh/
id_rsa  id_rsa.pub

id_rsa —》 私钥
id_rsa.pub —》公钥

  • 将公钥传输并追加至 指定的客户端,.ssh/authorized_keys(记录公钥文件)
[[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.116.11 (192.168.116.11)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:RFjKa//P/N+GhPwpj1/7/StnVP8o7DeQyHfLsjzdDQI.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:64:d6:a3:e8:28:90:46:48:3f:aa:c4:0c:a9:06:ea:31.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh '[email protected]'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
  • 连接进行验证
[[email protected] ~]# ssh [email protected]
Last login: Fri Sep 27 22:41:03 2019 from 1.1.1.11
[[email protected] ~]# exit
登出
Connection to 192.168.116.11 closed.
  • 传输公钥
[[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
[[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]

3. 配置文件

ansible.cfg  		----》 配置文件，位于 /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg ，默认不需要修改
hosts				---》 主机清单， 位于 /etc/ansible/hosts  ,需要修改
roles				---》	角色：是一种编写习惯，可以自己编写，实现快速的部署

  • 修改 hosts 主机清单 文件
    添加ansible所控制的主机，在hosts 中可以 定义一个标签（组名）并添加对应主机
    可以根据需求设置对应的组名以及管理地址

  • 在hosts 主机清单末尾追加

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[dbserver]            # 自定义标签（name），相当于组名
192.168.116.11        # 所包含的主机

[webservers]          # 组名/标签
192.168.116.12
192.168.116.13
# 保存退出

  • 查看ansible 版本号

    [[email protected] ~]# ansible --version
ansible 2.9.2
  config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
  configured module search path = [u'/root/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
  ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible
  executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
  python version = 2.7.5 (default, Apr 11 2018, 07:36:10) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)]

    5.ansible 模块

  • 查看ansible 的模块有多少以及有哪些

    [[email protected] ~]# ansible-doc -l | wc -l
3387

  • 查看指定模块用法

    ansible  -s  模块名

  • ansible 使用模块格式

ansible 操作对象  -m 模块名  -a  ‘模块参数’

​ 参数：
​ -a 某些模块中可以省略

  • 测试 ansible 与所有服务器（hosts 中包含的地址）连接情况
    • 如果都没得问题，为安全色（绿色）
ansible all -m ping

​ 参数：

​ all 表示所有操作对象

例：

[[email protected] ~]# ansible all -m ping 

192.168.116.11 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.116.12 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.116.13 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

1） command 模块

  • 主要用于执行简单的shell命令；执行复杂的shell命令会报错
    • 一般用不到
    • command 模块稍微复杂一点就傻逼了
  • 为 操作对象 dbserver组 添加 command 模块 并在该种中执行指定命令
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m command -a 'ls /root'

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
  • 执行一条稍微儿复杂一点的命令
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m command -a 'cat /etc/passwd | wc -l'
192.168.116.11 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
cat：无效选项 -- l
Try 'cat --help' for more information.non-zero return code

2） shell模块

  • shell模块可以执行所有的命令

  • 执行上一条让 command 懵逼的命令

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'cat /etc/passwd | wc -l'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
19

3） cron 模块

  • 用于为被控制端设置自动化任务；
    cron == crontab
  • 为 dbserver中的主机设置一个 crontab
ansible dbserver -m cron -a 'minute="*/2" job="data >> /tmp/date.txt" name="show date" state=present'

参数：

为 dbserver 组 添加自动化任务，minute= 计划任务， job=执行语句 name= 描述信息 state=添加/移除

state=present 一般表示添加，新添加的计划任务

state=absent 一般表示移除

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m cron -a 'minute="*/2" job="data >> /tmp/date.txt" name="show date" state=present'

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true,      ## true 更改成功
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": [
        "show date"
    ]
}

#
  • 在被控端查看计划任务
[[email protected] ~]# crontab -l -u root
#Ansible: show date
*/2 * * * * data >> /tmp/date.txt
  • 移除改组的计划任务
    • 移除的时候只需要指定 name
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m cron -a 'name="show date" state=absent'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "envs": [], 
    "jobs": []
}
  • 查看验证（192.168.116.11）
[[email protected] ~]# crontab -l -u root
name

4） user 模块

  • 主要用于：
1）	useradd one
2）	passwd one
3）	useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
4)	 useradd -u 1111 nginx
5)	 userdel -r one

  • 例子： 通过user 模块 创建模块

    ansible dbserver -m user -a 'name=now state=present'

创建一个用户，   name= 用户名   state=创建

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m user -a 'name=now state=present'

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 1000, 
    "home": "/home/now", 
    "name": "now", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 1000
}
  • 例子： 通过 shell 模块 为用户添加密码
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'echo "123.com" | passwd --stdin now'

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'echo "123.com" | passwd --stdin now'

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
更改用户 now 的密码 。
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。
  • 例子： 通过 user 模块 创建用户并赋值密码
    PS： user 模块中加密 需要使用密文密码
 首先使用 openssl passwd 生成加密后的密文

[[email protected] ~]# openssl passwd '123.com'
bQs.zEBJmFOLw
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m user -a 'name=two password="bQs.zEBJmFOLw" state=present'

# name=用户  password=密文密码    state=添加

[WARNING]: The input password appears not to have been hashed. The 'password' argument must be encrypted for this module to work properly.

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 1001, 
    "home": "/home/two", 
    "name": "two", 
    "password": "NOT_LOGGING_PASSWORD", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 1001
}
  • 例子： 使用 user 模块指定家目录创建
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m user -a 'name=nginx create_home=no shell=/no/login state=present'

  # name=用户  create_home=创建家目录 no 为不    shell=指定登录环境   

  192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      }, 
      "changed": true, 
      "comment": "", 
      "create_home": false, 
      "group": 1002, 
      "home": "/home/nginx", 
      "name": "nginx", 
      "shell": "/no/login", 
      "state": "present", 
      "system": false, 
      "uid": 1002
  }

  [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'tail /etc/passwd | grep "nginx"'
  192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  nginx:x:1002:1002::/home/nginx:/no/login

  

# 通过验证我们发现，该用户也有家目录，但是我们设置不为其创建家目录，这是怎么回事呢
# 是因为这是一个小BUG，只是显示有而已，但是没有家目录哦

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'ls /home/nginx'
192.168.116.11 | FAILED | rc=2 >>
ls: 无法访问/home/nginx: 没有那个文件或目录non-zero return code

  • 例子： 使用 user 模块创建用户并指定 uid

    [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m user -a 'name=three uid=1111 state=present'
  192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      }, 
      "changed": true, 
      "comment": "", 
      "create_home": true, 
      "group": 1111, 
      "home": "/home/three", 
      "name": "three", 
      "shell": "/bin/bash", 
      "state": "present", 
      "system": false, 
      "uid": 1111
  }

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'id three'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
uid=1111(three) gid=1111(three) 组=1111(three)

  • 例子： 使用 user 模块删除用户

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m user -a 'name=noe remove=yes state=present'
# name=删用户名         remove=是否删除      
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "create_home": true, 
    "group": 1112, 
    "home": "/home/noe", 
    "name": "noe", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": false, 
    "uid": 1112
}

5) group 模块

  • 添加 组
    例子： 通过 group模块添加组并指定 gid

     [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m group -a 'name=market system=yes state=present gid=1234'

# name=组名       system=该组是否出现在远程主机上 

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 1234, 
    "name": "market", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": true
}

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'tail /etc/group | grep "market"'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
market:x:995:

  • 例子： 通过 group 模块 删除组
    删除

     [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m group -a 'name=market state=absent'

 # name=组名      state=执行

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "name": "market", 
    "state": "absent"
}

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'tail /etc/group | grep "market"'
192.168.116.11 | FAILED | rc=1 >>
non-zero return code

6) copy 模块

1） 从主控端复制文件到被控制端（类似于scp）
2） 主控制被控制复制和粘贴被控制的文件

[[email protected] ~]# echo "copy module of ansible " > ansible.txt
[[email protected] ~]# ansible all -m copy -a 'src=/root/ansible.txt dest=/root'                # 将ansible 本身的 文件 复制粘贴至 所有主机中 /root下

# src=复制（本地）     dest=目标地址（被控端）

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# andible all -m shell -a 'cat /root/ansible.txt'
bash: andible: 未找到命令...
[[email protected] ~]# ansible all -m shell -a 'cat /root/ansible.txt'
192.168.116.13 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
copy module of ansible

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
copy module of ansible

192.168.116.12 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
copy module of ansible


# 添加remote_src=yes 表示复制粘贴都在 ansible主机执行

[[email protected] ~]# ansible webservers -m copy -a 'src=/etc/resolv.conf dest=/rot remote_src=yes'          ## 验证ansible的幂等性；
[[email protected] ~]# ansible webservers -m copy -a 'src=/etc/resolv.conf dest=/rot remote_src=yes backup=yes'      ## 修改一下被控制端/root/resolv.conf 的内容，使其可以发生文件覆盖，此时加上backup 将覆盖文件前的文件进行备份

# src=源    dest=目标地址    remote_src=如果是yes将src转到远程主机上

# backup=覆盖时是否进行备份 ，在复重复制时ansible会比较两个文件中的内容，如果一样则不会进行覆盖，但是会提示执行完毕

# 如果内容不一样则会覆盖，但是backup会将源文件进行备份（日期+时间+文加名）

7) file 模块

1）	修改文件属性（owner group mode权限） 	---》 chown  chmod
2）	软连接、硬链接
3)	创建目录或者文件
4）	删除文件或者目录
5）	 递归设置目录权限以及属主属组

  • 例子：更改文件或者目录属主属组

    - [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m file -a 'path=/root/anaconda-ks.cfg owner=tianci group=tianci'

# path=文件路径      owner=属主      group=属组

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 1000, 
    "group": "tianci", 
    "mode": "0600", 
    "owner": "tianci", 
    "path": "/root/anaconda-ks.cfg", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 1257, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 1000

    验证 :

 [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'ls -l /root/anaconda-ks.cfg'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rw-------. 1 tianci tianci 1257 9月  27 22:17 /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

  • 例子：修改文件权限

    - [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m file -a 'path=/root/anaconda-ks.cfg mode=7777'
  192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
      "ansible_facts": {
          "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
      }, 
      "changed": true, 
      "gid": 1000, 
      "group": "now", 
      "mode": "07777", 
      "owner": "now", 
      "path": "/root/anaconda-ks.cfg", 
      "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
      "size": 1257, 
      "state": "file", 
      "uid": 1000
  }

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'ls -l /root/anaconda-ks.cfg'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
-rwsrwsrwt. 1 tianci tianci 1257 9月  27 22:17 /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

  • 例子：创建软连接与硬链接

    • 软连接
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m file -a 'src=/etc/hosts dest=/root/host state=link'

# src=源        dest=目标       state= link  软连接

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/root/host", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 10, 
    "src": "/etc/hosts", 
    "state": "link", 
    "uid": 0
}

state=link 软连接

state=hard 硬链接

  • 硬链接
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m file -a 'src=/etc/hosts dest=/root/hosts state=hard'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/root/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0", 
    "size": 158, 
    "src": "/etc/hosts", 
    "state": "hard", 
    "uid": 0
}
  • 在被控制端查看
[[email protected] ~]# ll /root/
总用量 12
-rwsrwsrwt. 1 now  now  1257 9月  27 22:17 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   24 1月   8 16:08 ansible.txt
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root   10 1月   8 16:43 host -> /etc/hosts               ## 软连接
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root  158 6月   7 2013 hosts                             ## 硬链接

  • 例子：创建文件

    - [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m file -a 'path=/tmp/file.txt state=touch'

# state=touch  创建文件  

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/tmp/file.txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", 
    "size": 0, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'ls /root/file.txt'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/root/file.txt

  • 创建目录

     [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m file -a 'path=/tmp/file state=directory'

# state=directory    创建目录

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/file", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", 
    "size": 6, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'ls /tmp/ | grep 'file''
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
file

  • 删除目录

    - [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m file -a 'path=/tmp/file state=absent'

# state=absent    移除

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "path": "/tmp/file", 
    "state": "absent"
}

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'ls /tmp/ | grep 'file''
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

  • 递归设置权限

# 如果指定目录或者文件不存在则创建

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m file -a 'path=/tmp/file mode=0777 recurse=yes'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/file", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", 
    "size": 6, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'ls -l /tmp/ | grep 'file''
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
drwxr-xr-x. 2 now now    6 1月   8 22:41 file
  • 递归设置属主属组
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m file -a 'path=/tmp/file owner=now group=now recurse=yes'

# recurse=yes     是否递归

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 1000, 
    "group": "now", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "now", 
    "path": "/tmp/file", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", 
    "size": 6, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 1000
}

8) yum 模块

  • 作用： 主控端空值被控端 使其使用yum 安装rpm包
    PS： 被控端yum 可用
    常规操作：
    yum -y install
    yum -y remove

  • 例子：通过 yum 模块安装

    - [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m yum -a 'name=wget state=present'

# name=rpm包名字，如果安装多个用逗号隔开即可

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "changes": {
        "installed": [
            "wget"
        ]
    }

  • 例子： 通过 yum 模块卸载

    [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m yum -a 'name=gcc,c++ state=absent'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "changes": {
        "removed": [
            "gcc"
        ]
    }

  • service 模块
    作用： 操控被控制端开启，关闭、重启、重载（视具体服务而定）
    1） notice： service 可以管理rpm包安装的服务源码安装的服务建议使用shell模块直接执行命令

服务状态（state）
started / stopped / restarted

例子：关闭防火墙

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m service -a 'name=firewalld state=stopped'

# name=服务名字

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "name": "firewalld", 
    "state": "stopped", 

## 类似于以下这种情况一般是 该软件已经存在


[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m yum -a 'name=wget state=present'
192.168.116.11 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "msg": "", 
    "rc": 0, 
    "results": [
        "wget-1.14-15.el7_4.1.x86_64 providing wget is already installed"
    ]
}

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'rpm -qa | grep wget'
[WARNING]: Consider using the yum, dnf or zypper module rather than running 'rpm'.  If you need to use command because yum, dnf or zypper is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to this
command task or set 'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
wget-1.14-15.el7_4.1.x86_64
  1. hostname 修改主机名
	1)	 hostname  	临时
	2）	hostnamectl    永久
	3）	vim 配置文件
	4）	通过 ansible hostname模块

  • 例子： 通过hostname修改主机名

    - [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m hostname -a 'name=localhost.localdomain'

# name=名字

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_domain": "localdomain", 
        "ansible_fqdn": "localhost.localdomain", 
        "ansible_hostname": "localhost", 
        "ansible_nodename": "localhost.localdomain", 
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "name": "localhost.localdomain"
}

9) script 模块

  • 作用：用于将主控端的脚本在被控端运行

常用的脚本：

​ 1）shell ----》 .sh
​ 2）python ----》 .py

  • 例子： 通过 script 模块 执行主控端脚本

  • 首先编写脚本文件，批量创建用户（ user1–user10）

[[email protected] ~]# vim test.sh

#! /bin/bash
for i in {1..10}
        do
                useradd user$i
                echo "123.com" | passwd --stdin user$i
        done
  • 调用脚本
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m script -a '/root/test.sh'

# 调用主控端脚本不需要使用任何参数，直接输入脚本位置即可。

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.116.11 closed.\r\n", 
    "stderr_lines": [
…………
…………
        "更改用户 user9 的密码 。", 
        "passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。", 
        "更改用户 user10 的密码 。", 
        "passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。"
    ]
}
  • 验证
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'tail /etc/passwd'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
user1:x:1113:1113::/home/user1:/bin/bash
user2:x:1114:1114::/home/user2:/bin/bash
user3:x:1115:1115::/home/user3:/bin/bash
user4:x:1116:1116::/home/user4:/bin/bash
user5:x:1117:1117::/home/user5:/bin/bash
user6:x:1118:1118::/home/user6:/bin/bash
user7:x:1119:1119::/home/user7:/bin/bash
user8:x:1120:1120::/home/user8:/bin/bash
user9:x:1121:1121::/home/user9:/bin/bash
user10:x:1122:1122::/home/user10:/bin/bash

  • 例子： 通过script 模块 执行脚本批量删除用户 （user1 – user10）

    - [[email protected] ~]# vim userdel.sh
  #! /bin/bash
  for i in {1..10}
          do
                  userdel user$1
          done
          

# 运行脚本

  [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m script -a '/root/userdel.sh'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "Shared connection to 192.168.116.11 closed.\r\n", 
    "stderr_lines": [
        "Shared connection to 192.168.116.11 closed."
    ], 
    "stdout": "", 
    "stdout_lines": []
}

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'tail /etc/passwd'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

10) setup 模块

  • 用于获取被控端的 ansible变量
    获取的变量主要是用于模板中，可以利用变量，实现对被控端的快速配置和差异化配置

  • 例子： 通过setup模块获取所有的 变量

    - [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m setup -a ''

# 此操作是获取所有的变量，



例子：通过 setup 模块获取指定参数的变量
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m setup -a 'filter="*cpu*"'

# filter=变量      * 通配符，

192.168.116.11 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_processor_vcpus": 1, 
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false
}

11) fetch 模块

  • 作用： 拿取被控端文件

  • 例子： 通过 fetch 模块 将被控端的文件 拉取到主控端

    - [[email protected] ~]# ansible all -m fetch -a 'src=/etc/resolv.conf dest=/tcp/test'

# src=源（被控端）     dest=目标地址（主控端）    

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "dfb754d542e43feec14d581300236fa04a56597d", 
    "dest": "/tcp/test/192.168.116.11/etc/resolv.conf", 
    "md5sum": "653fab6375ea318ef8d245125b8de19f", 
    "remote_checksum": "dfb754d542e43feec14d581300236fa04a56597d", 
    "remote_md5sum": null
}
192.168.116.13 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "dfb754d542e43feec14d581300236fa04a56597d", 
    "dest": "/tcp/test/192.168.116.13/etc/resolv.conf", 
    "md5sum": "653fab6375ea318ef8d245125b8de19f", 
    "remote_checksum": "dfb754d542e43feec14d581300236fa04a56597d", 
    "remote_md5sum": null
}
192.168.116.12 | CHANGED => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "dfb754d542e43feec14d581300236fa04a56597d", 
    "dest": "/tcp/test/192.168.116.12/etc/resolv.conf", 
    "md5sum": "653fab6375ea318ef8d245125b8de19f", 
    "remote_checksum": "dfb754d542e43feec14d581300236fa04a56597d", 
    "remote_md5sum": null
}

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ls /tcp/test/
192.168.116.11  192.168.116.12  192.168.116.13
  1. replace 模块

  • 作用： 可以实现对文件间的内容切换

    [[email protected] ~]# vim test.txt

hello worald
hello

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m replace -a 'path=/root/test.txt regexp="hello" replace="aaaaa"'

# path=修改的文件      regexp=匹配的字符        replace=替换的东西

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "2 replacements made"
}


[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'cat /root/test.txt'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
aaaaa worald
aaaaa

  • 例子：将整行内容替换

    - [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'cat /root/aaa.txt'
  192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
  aaaaaa

# ^ 以什么开头

# $ 以什么结尾

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m replace -a 'path=/root/aaa.txt regexp="^aaaaaa$" replace="abcdefg"'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "1 replacements made"
}

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'cat /root/aaa.txt'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
abcdefg

13) template 模块

  • 作用: 主要用于主控端使用模板配置被控端配置文件的场景，
    需要用到模板文件、文件必须以 .j2 结尾

  • 安装 服务 进行测试

[[email protected] ~]# ansible webservers -m shell -a 'mount /dev/cdrom /media'
[WARNING]: Consider using the mount module rather than running 'mount'.  If you need to use command because mount is insufficient you can add 'warn: false' to this command task or set
'command_warnings=False' in ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.

192.168.116.13 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载

192.168.116.12 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载

# 通过ansible yum 安装 httpd

[[email protected] ~]# ansible webservers -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=installed'

# 主控端安装 web 服务

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd

# 将被控端的 httpd配置文件作为模板

[[email protected] ~]# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /root/httpd.conf.j2

# 修改其 域名 为 www.baidu.com

[[email protected] ~]# vim /root/httpd.conf.js 
ServerName www.baidu.com:80

# 通过模板修改

[[email protected] ~]# ansible webservers -m template -a 'src=/root/httpd.conf.j2 dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf'

# src=主控端模板源         dest=目标地址

192.168.116.13 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "f3385c6f241cc46f9585382b8edd7e287d3367d2", 
    "dest": "/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "f7271dedceda064a54c591c904e1ffb6", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 11750, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1578552032.32-247713146820451/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.116.12 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "f3385c6f241cc46f9585382b8edd7e287d3367d2", 
    "dest": "/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "f7271dedceda064a54c591c904e1ffb6", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 11750, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1578552032.33-257511787935695/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ansible webservers -m shell -a 'cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep "ServerName"'
192.168.116.12 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.

ServerName www.baidu.com:80

192.168.116.13 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.

ServerName www.baidu.com:80
  • 例子: 引用变量进行修改
[[email protected] ~]# vim /root/httpd.conf.j2 
ServerName www.baidu.com:{{http_port}}

# 修改hosts 主机清单的变量与端口号

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts 
[webservers]
192.168.116.12 http_port=8888
192.168.116.13 http_port=8888




unarchive 模块
作用： 将主控端的压缩文件，解压后 放在被控端


# 将 tar 包解压至 被控端的目录中

[[email protected] ~]# ansible webservers -m unarchive -a 'src=/root/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz dest=/usr/src'

# src=主控端源       dest=目标地址（被空端）

# 验证

[[email protected] ~]# ansible webservers -m shell -a 'ls /usr/src | grep "nginx*"'
192.168.116.13 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
nginx-1.12.2

192.168.116.12 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
nginx-1.12.2

14) lineinfile 模块

  • 作用： 修改文件中的内容

BOF begin of file 文件开头
EOF end of file 文件结尾

参数：

参数 含义
path 指定要操作的文件对象
regexp 匹配条件
insertbefore 在某行之前插入
line 要写入文件的内容
insertafter 在某行之后插入

  • 如果使用 insertbefore或者 insertafter 必须使用 state= 参数

  • 例子： 通过 lineinfile 模块在 nginx.conf文件的开头前插入一行

    [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m lineinfile -a 'path=/root/nginx.conf insertbefore=BOF line='#aaaaaaaa''

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "backup": "", 
    "changed": true, 
    "msg": "line added"
}

    验证：

    [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'head -n 2 /root/nginx.conf'

192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
#aaaaaaaa

  • 例子: 在文件的末尾插入一行

    [[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m lineinfile -a 'path=/root/nginx.conf insertafter=EOF line="# bbbbbbbbbbb"'
  192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
      "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
  }, 
  "backup": "", 
  "changed": true, 
  "msg": "line added"
  }

    验证：

[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m shell -a 'tail -n 2 /root/nginx.conf'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
}

# bbbbbbbbbbb
  • 例子： 在指定的行 前/后 插入内容
    • 在 /root/nginx.conf 文件中的 #charset koi8-r; 行 之后 插入 charset koi8-r;
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m lineinfile -a 'path=/root/nginx.conf insertafter="        #charset koi8-r;" line="        charset koi8-r;" state=present'
  • 在 /root/nginx.conf 文件的 server { 之前插入 upstream{
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m lineinfile -a 'path=/root/nginx.conf insertbefore="    server {"  line="        upstrame{" state=present'
  • 例子： 删除指定的行
    将刚刚添加的# bbbbbbbbbbb 删除
[[email protected] ~]# ansible dbserver -m lineinfile -a 'path=/root/nginx.conf regexp="# bbbbbbbbbbb" state=absent'
192.168.116.11 | CHANGED => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "backup": "", 
    "changed": true, 
    "found": 1, 
    "msg": "1 line(s) removed"
}

4. ansible 的任务编排

​ playbook（剧本）

1） ansible 剧本的文件 后缀 为 .yml .yaml

  • 格式：
带有 - 的行为 描述行，描述行下的为执行语句


- hosts: 操作对象
  remote_user: 远程用户
  tasks:
    - name: 描述信息
      模块名: 执行任务
    - name: 描述信息
      模块名: 执行任务  

      [[email protected] ~]# vim tset.yml
      
      - hosts: dbserver       # 描操作对象，可以是主机、主机清单（组名标签）
        remote_user: root     # 远程执行的用户
        tasks:                # 计划任务
          - name: install vsftpd      # 描述信息
            yum: name=vsftpd          # 执行任务     模块名 执行语句
          - name: start vsftpd        # 描述信息
            service: name=vsftpd state=started    # 执行任务：   模块名  加执行语句

​

  • 检测语法错误
# 如果由错误直接提示，如没有错误输入剧本名称

[[email protected] ~]# ansible-playbook tset.yml --syntax-check playbook: tset.yml
  • 运行剧本
    • 以下属于 剧本的运行过程，列出了描述信息以及执行进度
[[email protected] ~]# ansible-playbook tset.yml 

PLAY [dbserver] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] **********************************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.116.11]

……………………

  • 在使用 shell脚本时，可以在shell下使用args添加参数
    例子

    - ​    shell：  ./config ~~~~
		args:
  ​         chdir: /usr/local/nginx-1.11.1

## 意思是在编译时首先进入到  下面那个目录

  • 例子： 通过 ansible - playbook（剧本） 为被控端安装 LNMP 环境

    部署 Nginx

- hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
    - name: install nginx
      unarchive: src=/root/nginx-1.11.1.tar.gz dest=/usr/src
    - name: yum install pcre8 openssl*
      yum: name=pcre*,openssl-devel,pcre-devel,zlib-devel
    - name: make nginx
      shell: ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-pcre && make && make install
      args:
        chdir: /usr/src/nginx-1.11.1
    - name: create nginx running user
      user: name=nginx create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin state=present
    - name: create link /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx
      file: src=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  dest=/usr/sbin/nginx state=link
    - name: start nginx
      shell: nginx

部署MySQL

- hosts: webservers
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
    - name: jie ya tar_cmake
      unarchive: src=/root/cmake-2.8.7.tar.gz dest=/usr/src
    - name: cd /usr/src/cmake*  gmake install cmake
      shell: ./configure &&  gmake && gmake install
      args:
        chdir: /usr/src/cmake-2.8.7
    - name: jie ya tar_mysql
      unarchive: src=/root/mysql-5.5.22.tar.gz dest=/usr/src
    - name: yum install
      yum: name=pcre-devel,ncurses,ncurses-devel
    - name: cd /usr/src/mysql* && make && make install msyql
      shell: cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH-EXTRA_CHARSETS=all && make && make install
      args:
        chdir: /usr/src/mysql-5.5.22
    - name: create mysql running user
      user: name=mysql state=present
    - name: mysql link
      shell: ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin
    - name: updata mysql user\group
      file: path=/usr/local/mysql owner=mysql group=mysql recurse=yes
    - name: copy mysql_config_file
      copy: src=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-medium.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf remote_src=yes
    - name: copy msyqld
      copy: src=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server dest=/etc/init.d/mysqld remote_src=yes
    - name: chkconfig
      shell: chkconfig --add mysqld
    - name: chu shi hua mysql
      shell: /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --group=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
    - name: permission
      file: path=/etc/init.d/mysqld mode=755
    - name: start mysql
      service: name=mysqld state=started



- hosts: dbserver
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
    - name: yum install
      yum: name=gd,libxml2-devel,libjpeg-devel,libpng-devel
    - name: jie ya php
      unarchive: src=php-5.3.28.tar.gz dest=/usr/src/
    - name:
      shell: ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-gd --with-zlib --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib && make && make install
      args:
        chdir: /usr/src/php-5.3.28
    - name: copy-config-file
      copy: src=/usr/src/php-5.3.28/php.ini-development dest=/usr/local/php/php.ini remote_src=yes
    - name: updata php.ini
      shell: sed -i '/#default_charset = "utf-8"/a\default_charset = "utf-8"' /usr/local/php/php.ini && sed -i '/short_open_tag/c\short_open_tag = On' /usr/local/php/php.ini
    - name: jie ya Zend
      unarchive: src=/root/ZendGuardLoader-php-5.3-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz dest=/usr/src/
    - name: copy Zend
      copy: src=/usr/src/ZendGuardLoader-php-5.3-linux-glibc23-x86_64/php-5.3.x/ZendGuardLoader.so dest=/usr/local/php/lib/ZendGuardLoader.so remote_src=yes
    - name: sed php.ini_Zend
      lineinfile: path=/usr/local/php/php.ini insertafter=BOF line="Zend_extension=/usr/local/php/lib/ZendGuardLoader"
    - lineinfile: path=/usr/local/php/php.ini insertafter=BOF line="Zend_loader.enable=1"
    - name: tian jia systemctl
      copy: src=/usr/src/php-5.3.28/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm dest=/etc/init.d/php-fpm remote_src=yes
    - name: permisvissi
      file: path=/etc/init.d/php-fpm mode=755
    - name: chkconfig
      shell: chkconfig --add php-fpm
    - name: copy php-fpm_config_fiel
      copy: src=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default dest=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf remote_src=yes
    - name: update php-fpm.conf
      shell: sed -i '/pid = /a\pid = run/php-fpm.pid' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && sed -i '/user = nobody/c\user = nginx' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && sed -i '/group = nobody/c\group = nginx' /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
    - name: start php-fpm
      service: name="php-fpm" state=started
    - name: update nginx.conf
      replace: path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf regexp="            index  index.html index.htm;" replace="            index  index.php index.html index.htm;"
    - name: update nginx.conf
      shell: sed -i '/        server_name  localhost;/a \        location ~ \.php$ {\n            root           html;\n            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;\n            fastcgi_index  index.php;\n            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;\n            include        fastcgi.conf;\n}' /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    - name: restart
      service: name=php-fpm state=restarted

Apache: 剧本

- hosts: dbserver
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
    - name: apr
      unarchive: src=/root/apr-1.5.2.tar.gz dest=/usr/src
    - name: apr-make
      shell: ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr && make && make install
      args:
        chdir: /usr/src/apr-1.5.2
    - name: apr-util
      unarchive: src=/root/apr-util.*.tar.gz dest=/usr/src
    - shell: ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/loca/apr/bin/apr-1-config && make && make install
      args:
        chdir: /usr/src/apr-util.*
    - name: tar httpd install
      unarchive: src=/root/httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz dest=/usr/src
    - shell: /usr/local/apr-util/bin/* /usr/local/bin
    - yum: name=pcre-devel
    - shell: ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/httpd --enable-so --enable-charset-lite --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite && make && make install
      args:
        chdir: /usr/src/httpd-2.4.25
    - name: you hua httpd path
      shell: ln -s /usr/local/httpd/bin/* /usr/local/bin
    - name: copy httpd-start-config-file
      copy: src=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl dest=/etc/init.d/httpd remote_src=yes
    - shell: chkconfig --add httpd
    - file: path=/etc/init.d/httpd mode=0755
    - name: start httpd-server
      service: name=httpd state=started
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