android6.0的坑
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2024-01-21 22:40:52
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有一篇全面介绍Android M 运行时权限文章写的非常全面(翻译的):Android M 新的运行时权限开发者需要知道的一切,但是实施过程中还是遇到一些坑。
坑一:用Android5.0编译的apk,在Android6.0上运行完全没有问题。
- 在Android6.0以上才需要在运行时请求权限,在旧Android版本上保留原有逻辑,安装时授予权限。
- 用旧版本sdk编译的apk,都使用旧版本权限方式,安装时授予权限。(也就是说:兼容旧版本)
- 用Android6.0(targetSdkVersion 23)编译apk才需要处理新的权限问题。
- 还有一个蛋疼的问题:程序运行当中,用户关闭了权限,会发生什么?(还未知)
坑二:蓝牙扫描需要位置权限
BluetoothUtils: Permission denial: Need ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION or ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission to get scan results
如何申请一个权限:用ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION举栗子
1. Manifest添加权限
Android6.0分了几种权限:Normal Permissions(安装时自动授权,用户也不能取消权限) and Dangerous Permissions
<!-- Android6.0 蓝牙扫描才需要--> <uses-permission-sdk-23 android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
2. 请求权限
//判断是否有权限
// Here, thisActivity is the current activity
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
//请求权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
//判断是否需要 向用户解释,为什么要申请该权限
ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,
Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
//权限申请结果
onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,
String permissions[], int[] grantResults)
坑三:Fragment请求权限
//如果使用ActivityCompat.requestPermissions,不会调用onRequestPermissionsResult()
//请求权限
requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
//判断是否需要 向用户解释,为什么要申请该权限
shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
坑四:WRITE_SETTINGS权限怎么处理
android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS不能自动授权,也不能运行时请求授权,咋整啊?通过打开Intent来让用户设置。貌似SETTINGS的权限只能这么处理,from CommonsWare research Android 6.0 changes.
/**
* An app can use this method to check if it is currently allowed to write or modify system
* settings. In order to gain write access to the system settings, an app must declare the
* {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_SETTINGS} permission in its manifest. If it is
* currently disallowed, it can prompt the user to grant it this capability through a
* management UI by sending an Intent with action
* {@link android.provider.Settings#ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS}.
*
* @param context A context
* @return true if the calling app can write to system settings, false otherwise
*/
if(!Settings.System.canWrite(this)){
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS,
Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE);
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) {
if (Settings.System.canWrite(this)) {
//检查返回结果
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "WRITE_SETTINGS permission granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "WRITE_SETTINGS permission not granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
我这边测试android8.0手机连接蓝牙,扫描一直不成功,参考的代码是eclipse,编译环境是18,所以一直很奇怪。
原来跟目标版本(targetSdkVersion)也有关系,android6.0以上编译的版本才需要加入运行时申请权限的功能,原来版本编译的在android6.0以上还是可以跑的。。。。。