Windows和Linux系统下perl连接SQL Server数据库的方法

本文将提供一些perl连接microsoft sql server数据库的实例。perl脚本运行在windows和linux平台。

windows平台

如果在windows平台下运行perl脚本，建议使用依赖dbi的两个模块包，提供标准的数据库接口模块。

dbd::odbc
dbd::ado

使用dbd::odbc

如果选用dbd::odbc，下面的实例代码将展示如何连接到sql server数据库：

use dbi;
 
# dbd::odbc
 
my $dsn = 'dbi:odbc:driver={sql server}';
my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433';
my $database = 'my_database';
my $user = 'sa';
my $auth = ‘s3cr3t';
 
# connect via dbd::odbc by specifying the dsn dynamically.
my $dbh = dbi->connect("$dsn;server=$host;database=$database",
 $user,
 $auth,
 { raiseerror => 1, autocommit => 1}
 ) || die "database connection not made: $dbi::errstr";
 
#prepare a sql statement my $sql = "select id, name, phone_number from employees ";
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql );
 
#execute the statement
$sth->execute();
 
my( $id, $name, $phone_number );
 
# bind the results to the local variables
$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number );
 
#retrieve values from the result set
while( $sth->fetch() ) {
 print "$id, $name, $phone_number\n";
}
 
#close the connection
$sth->finish();
$dbh->disconnect();

你还可以使用预先设置的一个系统dsn来连接。要建立一个系统dsn，可以这样访问控制面板->管理工具->数据源。

使用系统dsn连接，需要更改连接字符串。如下所示：

# connect via dbd::odbc using a system dsn
my $dbh = dbi->connect("dbi:odbc:my_system_dsn",
 $user,
 $auth,
 {
 raiseerror => 1,
 autocommit => 1
 }
 ) || die "database connection not made: $dbi::errstr";

使用dbd::ado

如果选择dbd::ado模块，下面的实例展示如何连接到sql server数据库。

use dbi;
 
my $host = '10.0.0.1,1433';
my $database = 'my_database';
my $user = 'sa';
my $auth = ‘s3cr3t';
 
# dbd::ado
$dsn = "provider=sqloledb;trusted connection=yes;";
$dsn .= "server=$host;database=$database";
my $dbh = dbi->connect("dbi:ado:$dsn",
 $user,
 $auth,
 { raiseerror => 1, autocommit => 1}
 ) || die "database connection not made: $dbi::errstr";
 
#prepare a sql statement
my $sql = "select id, name, phone_number from employees "; my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql );
 
#execute the statement
$sth->execute();
 
my( $id, $name, $phone_number );
 
# bind the results to the local variables
$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number );
 
#retrieve values from the result set
while( $sth->fetch() ) {
 print "$id, $name, $phone_number\n";
}
 
#close the connection
$sth->finish();
$dbh->disconnect();

linux平台

如果是在linux平台下运行perl脚本，连接sql server数据库需要使用到dbd::sybase包。

安装sql server支持库

sybase dbd包依赖freetds驱动程序。

freetds下载地址：www.freetds.org

安装freetds驱动的说明文档参见：http://www.freetds.org/userguide/config.htm

该驱动没有使用到odbc.

配置数据源

修改freetds.conf文件包括sql server数据库信息，如下所示：

[ss_my_db]
host = 10.0.0.1 # or host name port = 1433
tds version = 7.0

安装sybase dbd模块

该模块文档参见：http://search.cpan.org/~mewp/dbd-sybase/sybase.pm

此外，需要将sybase环境变量应设置为freetds安装路径，export sybase=/usr/local/freetds

使用sybase dbi和sql server dsn实例

# load the dbi module
use dbi;
use dbd::sybase;
 
my $database="my_database";
my $user="sa";
my $auth="s3cr3t";
 
begin
{
 $env{sybase} = "/usr/local";
}
 
# connect to the sql server database
my $dbh = dbi->connect("dbi:sybase:server=ss_my_db;database=$database",
 $user,
 $auth
 {raiseerror => 1, autocommit => 1}
 ) || die "database connection not made: $dbi::errstr";
 
#prepare a sql statement
my $sql = "select id, name, phone_number from employees";
my $sth = $dbh->prepare( $sql );
 
#execute the statement
$sth->execute();
 
my( $id, $name, $phone_number );
 
# bind the results to the local variables
$sth->bind_columns( undef, \$id, \$name, \$phone_number );
 
#retrieve values from the result set
while( $sth->fetch() ) {  print "$name, $title, $phone\n";
}
 
#close the connection
$sth->finish();
undef $sth; # this fixes a segfault bug with certain versions of dbd::sybase
$dbh->disconnect();