python list语法学习（带例子）

创建：list = [5,7,9]
取值和改值：list[1] = list[1] * 5
列表尾插入：list.append(4)
去掉第0个值并返回第0个值的数值：list.pop(0)
去掉第0个值但不返回数值：del(list[0])
去掉具体某个值：list.remove(35)

函数function：
无参数：def function():
一个参数：def function(x):
2个参数：def function(y):
任意个参数：def add_function(*args):

函数range：
一个参数：range(n)  从第0位开始数n个位
两个参数：range(m,n) 从第m位开始到第n-1位，递增间隔为1
三个参数：range(m,n,i) 从第m位开始到第n-1位，递增间隔为i
 for item in list:  和 for i in range(len(list)): 等价

对list中的元素用separator作为间隔输出： print separator.join(list)
如： list = ['a','b','c','d']   一般的print list会输出： ['a','b','c','d']。
而 print " ".join(list) 会输出：a b c d(必须是双的双引号，单的双引号不起作用)

接受键盘输入：
guess_row = int(raw_input("guess row:"))

下面是一个自己写的小程序：生成一个方阵和随机的位置，叫玩家猜这个生成的位置是哪里

from random import randint
def creat_board(length):
    board = []
    for i in range(length):
        board.append(['o'] * length)
    return board
def print_board(x):
    for row in x:
        print " ".join(row)
def random_row(board):
    return randint(0, len(board) - 1)

def random_col(board):
    return randint(0,len(board[0]) - 1)

length = int(raw_input("enter board's length you:"))
board = creat_board(length)
print_board(board)
turns = int(raw_input("enter turns you want to play:"))
for turn in range(turns):
    ship_row = random_row(board)
    ship_col = random_col(board)
    print "this is " + str(turn + 1) + "th time to guess:"
    guess_row = int(raw_input("enter the row you guess:"))
    guess_col = int(raw_input("enter the col you guess:"))

    if guess_row == ship_row and guess_col == ship_col:
        print "you win!"
        break
    else:
        if (guess_row < 0 or guess_row > len(board) - 1) or (guess_col < 0 or guess_col > len(board) - 1):
            print "incorrect input!"
            if turn == turns - 1:
                print "turns out!"
        elif board[guess_row][guess_col] == 'x':
            print "you have guessed it already!"
            if turn == turns - 1:
                print "turns out!"
        else:
            print "you guess wrong!"
            board[guess_row][guess_col] = 'x'
            print_board(board)
            if turn == turns - 1:
                print "turns out!"

曾经犯的错误：
1.创建board函数忘记返回一个board，所以它一直为空，导致后面的操作都越界了；
2.生成随机位置的时候，位置row和col的命名一直是跟生成的函数名一样（random_row=random_row(board)），导致typeerror: 'int' object is not callable错误。