angular2中Http请求原理与用法详解

本文实例讲述了angular2中http请求原理与用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

提供http服务

httpmodule并不是angular的核心模块。 它是angular用来进行web访问的一种可选方式，并位于一个名叫@angular/http的独立附属模块中.

编辑app.module.ts

import { httpmodule, jsonpmodule } from '@angular/http';
@ngmodule({
 imports: [
  httpmodule,
  jsonpmodule
 ],
})

angular-in-memory-web-api

npm install angular-in-memory-web-api --save-dev

this in-memory web api service processes an http request and returns an observable of http response object in the manner of a resty web api.

:base/:collectionname/:id?
get api/heroes     // all heroes
get api/heroes/42    // the character with id=42
get api/heroes?name=^j // 'j' is a regex; returns heroes whose name starting with 'j' or 'j'
get api/heroes.json/42 // ignores the ".json"

之前测试时用的app/mock/user_data_memory_mock.ts数据

import {user} from '../model/user';
import { inmemorydbservice } from 'angular-in-memory-web-api';
export class userdatamemorymock implements inmemorydbservice{
 createdb() {
  const users: user[] = [
    new user('chenjianhua_a', 21, '[e-mail]', '123456'),
    new user('chenjianhua_b', 22, '[e-mail]', '123456'),
    new user('chenjianhua_c', 23, '[e-mail]', '123456'),
    new user('chenjianhua_d', 24, '[e-mail]', '123456'),
    new user('chenjianhua_e', 25, '[e-mail]', '123456'),
    new user('chenjianhua_f', 26, '[e-mail]', '123456'),  
  ];
  return {users};
 }
}

编辑app.module.ts

import { inmemorywebapimodule } from 'angular-in-memory-web-api';
import { userdatamemorymock } from './mock/user_data_memory_mock';
@ngmodule({
 imports: [
  inmemorywebapimodule.forroot(userdatamemorymock),
 ]
})

导入inmemorywebapimodule并将其加入到模块的imports数组。 inmemorywebapimodule将http客户端模拟的后端服务
forroot()配置方法需要usermemorymockservice类实例，用来向内存数据库填充数据

编辑app/service/user.restful.service.ts

import {injectable} from '@angular/core';
import { headers, http } from '@angular/http';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/topromise';
import { user } from '../model/user';
import { logger } from './logger.service';
@injectable()
export class userservice {
  private userurl = 'api/users';
  private headers = new headers({'content-type': 'application/json'});
  constructor(private log: logger,
  private http: http) { }
  getuserbyname(name: string): promise<user> {
  const url = `${this.userurl}/?name=${name}`;
  return this.http.get(url)
    .topromise()
    .then(response => response.json().data as user)
    .catch(this.handleerror);
  }
  getusers(): promise<user[]> {
    console.log('get user!');
    return this.http.get(this.userurl)
    .topromise()
    .then(response => response.json().data as user[])
    .catch(this.handleerror);
  }
  create(name: string): promise<user> {
  return this.http
    .post(this.userurl, json.stringify({name: name}), {headers: this.headers})
    .topromise()
    .then(res => res.json().data as user)
    .catch(this.handleerror);
  }
  private handleerror(error: any): promise<any>{
    console.log('an error occurred :', error);
    return promise.reject(error.message);
  }
}

编辑app/components/app-loginform/app.loginform.ts

import { component, oninit } from '@angular/core';
import { logger } from '../../service/logger.service';
import { userservice } from '../../service/user.restful.service';
import { user } from '../../model/user';
import { subject } from 'rxjs/subject';
@component({
 selector: 'app-loginform',
 templateurl: './app.loginform.html',
 styleurls: ['./app.loginform.css'],
 providers: [
  logger,
  userservice
 ]
})
export class apploginformcomponent implements oninit {
  users: user[];
  submitted = false;
  model = new user('1', 'fangfang', 22, '[e-mail]', '123456');
  constructor(
    private log: logger,
    private userservice: userservice
  ){}
  ngoninit(): void{
    this.userservice
    .getusers()
    .then( users => this.users = users);
  }
  onsubmit(): void {
    this.userservice.getuserbyname(this.model.name)
    .then( user => {
      console.log('user.name', user[0].name);
      console.log('user.password', user[0].password);
      if(user[0].name === this.model.name
      && user[0].password === this.model.password){
        this.log.log('login success!');
        this.submitted = true;
      }else{
        this.log.log('login failed!');
        this.submitted = false;
      }
    })
    .catch(errormsg => console.log(errormsg));
  }
}

http promise

angular 的http.get返回一个 rxjs 的observable对象。 observable是一个管理异步数据流的强力方式。

现在，我们先利用topromise方法把observable直接转换成promise对象

更多关于angularjs相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题：《angularjs指令操作技巧总结》、《angularjs入门与进阶教程》及《angularjs mvc架构总结》

希望本文所述对大家angularjs程序设计有所帮助。