Python显示进度条的方法
首先,进度条和一般的print区别在哪里呢?
答案就是print会输出一个\n,也就是换行符,这样光标移动到了下一行行首,接着输出,之前已经通过stdout输出的东西依旧保留,而且保证我们在下面看到最新的输出结果。
进度条不然,我们必须再原地输出才能保证他是一个进度条,否则换行了怎么还叫进度条?
最简单的办法就是,再输出完毕后,把光标移动到行首,继续在那里输出更长的进度条即可实现,新的更长的进度条把旧的短覆盖,就形成了动画效果。
可以想到那个转义符了吧,那就是 \r。
转义符\r就可以把光标移动到行首而不换行,转义符\n就把光标移动到行首并且换行。
在python中,输出stdout(标准输出)可以使用sys.stdout.write
例如:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding=utf-8 -*- #Using GPL v2 #Author: ihipop@gmail.com ##2010-10-27 22:07 """ Usage: Just A Template """ from __future__ import division import sys,time j = '#' if __name__ == '__main__': for i in range(1,61): j += '#' sys.stdout.write(str(int((i/60)*100))+'% ||'+j+'->'+"\r") sys.stdout.flush() time.sleep(0.5) print
第二种思路是用转义符\b
转义符\b是退格键,也就是说把输出的光标往回退格子,这样就可以不用+=了,例如:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding=utf-8 -*- #Using GPL v2 #Author: ihipop@gmail.com #2010-10-27 22:07 """ Usage: Just A Template """ from __future__ import division import sys,time if __name__ == '__main__': for i in range(1,61): sys.stdout.write('#'+'->'+"\b\b") sys.stdout.flush() time.sleep(0.5) print
光标回退2格,写个#再回退,再写,达到增长的目的了
不过写这么多似乎是废话,在耳边常常听到一句话:那就是不要重复造*。实际上python有丰富发lib帮你实现这个东西,你完全可以把心思放在逻辑开发上而不用注意这些小细节
下面要介绍的就是这个类“progressbar”(http://code.google.com/p/python-progressbar/),使用easy_install可以方便的安装这个类库,其实就一个文件,拿过来放到文件同一个目录下面也直接可以import过来
如下图所示:
下面就是基本使用举例:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding=utf-8 -*- #Using GPL v2 #Author: ihipop@gmail.com #2010-10-27 22:53 """ Usage: Just A Template """ from __future__ import division import sys,time from progressbar import * total = 1000 #基本用法 progress = ProgressBar() for i in progress(range(total)): time.sleep(0.01) pbar = ProgressBar().start() for i in range(1,1000): pbar.update(int((i/(total-1))*100)) time.sleep(0.01) pbar.finish() #高级用法 widgets = ['Progress: ', Percentage(), ' ', Bar(marker=RotatingMarker('>-=')), ' ', ETA(), ' ', FileTransferSpeed()] pbar = ProgressBar(widgets=widgets, maxval=10000000).start() for i in range(1000000): # do something pbar.update(10*i+1) time.sleep(0.0001) pbar.finish()
官方示例:http://code.google.com/p/python-progressbar/source/browse/progressbar/examples.py
#coding:utf-8 import sys import time from progressbar import AnimatedMarker, Bar, BouncingBar, Counter, ETA, \ FileTransferSpeed, FormatLabel, Percentage, \ ProgressBar, ReverseBar, RotatingMarker, \ SimpleProgress, Timer examples = [] def example(fn): try: name = 'Example %d' % int(fn.__name__[7:]) except: name = fn.__name__ def wrapped(): try: sys.stdout.write('Running: %s\n' % name) fn() sys.stdout.write('\n') except KeyboardInterrupt: sys.stdout.write('\nSkipping example.\n\n') examples.append(wrapped) return wrapped @example def example0(): pbar = ProgressBar(widgets=[Percentage(), Bar()], maxval=300).start() for i in range(300): time.sleep(0.01) pbar.update(i+1) pbar.finish() @example def example1(): widgets = ['Test: ', Percentage(), ' ', Bar(marker=RotatingMarker()), ' ', ETA(), ' ', FileTransferSpeed()] pbar = ProgressBar(widgets=widgets, maxval=10000000).start() for i in range(1000000): # do something pbar.update(10*i+1) pbar.finish() @example def example2(): class CrazyFileTransferSpeed(FileTransferSpeed): """It's bigger between 45 and 80 percent.""" def update(self, pbar): if 45 >> ', Percentage(),' ', ETA()] pbar = ProgressBar(widgets=widgets, maxval=10000000) # maybe do something pbar.start() for i in range(2000000): # do something pbar.update(5*i+1) pbar.finish() @example def example3(): widgets = [Bar('>'), ' ', ETA(), ' ', ReverseBar(' 400) * 0.9) pbar.update(i + 1) pbar.finish() @example def example19(): pbar = ProgressBar() for i in pbar([]): pass pbar.finish() try: for example in examples: example() except KeyboardInterrupt: sys.stdout('\nQuitting examples.\n') Progress Bar 使用例子
再发一个类:
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding=utf-8 -*- #Using GPL v2 #Author: ihipop@gmail.com #2010-10-30 13:59 """ Usage: Just A Template """ class progressbarClass: def __init__(self, finalcount, progresschar=None): import sys self.finalcount=finalcount self.blockcount=0 # # See if caller passed me a character to use on the # progress bar (like "*"). If not use the block # character that makes it look like a real progress # bar. # if not progresschar: self.block=chr(178) else: self.block=progresschar # # Get pointer to sys.stdout so I can use the write/flush # methods to display the progress bar. # self.f=sys.stdout # # If the final count is zero, don't start the progress gauge # if not self.finalcount : return self.f.write('\n------------------- % Progress -------------------\n') return def progress(self, count): # # Make sure I don't try to go off the end (e.g. >100%) # count=min(count, self.finalcount) # # If finalcount is zero, I'm done # if self.finalcount: percentcomplete=int(round(100*count/self.finalcount)) if percentcomplete self.blockcount: for i in range(self.blockcount,blockcount): self.f.write(self.block) self.f.flush() if percentcomplete == 100: self.f.write("\n") self.blockcount=blockcount return if __name__ == "__main__": from time import sleep pb=progressbarClass(8,"*") count=0 while count另外,python cookbook中11.1节也提供了一个不错的进度条类,代码如下:
import sys class progressbar(object): def __init__(self, finalcount, block_char='.'): self.finalcount = finalcount self.blockcount = 0 self.block = block_char self.f = sys.stdout if not self.finalcount: return self.f.write('\n------------------ % Progress -------------------1\n') self.f.write(' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0\n') self.f.write('----0----0----0----0----0----0----0----0----0----0\n') def progress(self, count): count = min(count, self.finalcount) if self.finalcount: percentcomplete = int(round(100.0*count/self.finalcount)) if percentcomplete运行结果如下图所示:
希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计的学习有所帮助。
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