队列、阻塞队列
队列
队列是一种先入先出的数据结构,新加入的元素都是加入到队列的后面
阻塞队列
java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue<E>,是一种支持阻塞的插入元素,阻塞的移除元素操作的队列。
阻塞的插入:当队列空间满了,阻塞线程继续向队列中添加元素
阻塞的移除:当队列空间空了,阻塞线程从队列中取出元素
从这里看出,阻塞队列可以用在生产者/消费者模型中,生产者是向队列中添加元素的线程,消费者是从队列中取出元素的线程
*队列的操作方法
方法 | 抛出异常 | 返回特殊值 | 一直阻塞 | 超时退出 |
插入 | add(e) | offer(e) | put(e) | offer(e,time,unit) |
移除 | remove() | poll | take | poll(time,unit) |
检查方法 | element() | peek() | / | / |
抛出异常:指的是队列满了或者队列为空,就抛出异常
返回特殊值:指的是插入方法返回的是true/false,移除方法返回的是元素
一直阻塞:指的是如果队列满了,再调用方法向队列中添加,生产者线程会一直阻塞,队列空了,再从队列中取元素,消费者线程会一直阻塞
超时退出:同样是对于上面的情况,来说,不过是超出了时间,线程就会退出
* 如果是*队列,插入的put,offer一定不会阻塞,而且offer返回true
阻塞队列BlockQueue的实现类
1 . ArrayBlockingQueue
public class ArrayBlockingQueue<E> extends AbstractQueue<E>
implements BlockingQueue<E>, java.io.Serializable {
/** The queued items */
final Object[] items;
/** items index for next take, poll, peek or remove */
int takeIndex;
/** items index for next put, offer, or add */
int putIndex;
/** Number of elements in the queue */
int count;
/** Main lock guarding all access */
final ReentrantLock lock;
/** Condition for waiting takes */
private final Condition notEmpty;
/** Condition for waiting puts */
private final Condition notFull;
public ArrayBlockingQueue(int capacity, boolean fair) {
if (capacity <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
this.items = new Object[capacity];
lock = new ReentrantLock(fair);
notEmpty = lock.newCondition();
notFull = lock.newCondition();
}
* 创建时候,必须指定容量大小/可以指定公平性,内部以数组进行存放
* 只有一个重入锁,意味着,生产者消费者调用时候,一个阻塞,一个执行,无法并行执行
2 . LinkedBlockingDeque
public class LinkedBlockingQueue<E> extends AbstractQueue<E>
implements BlockingQueue<E>, java.io.Serializable {
/**
* Linked list node class
*/
static class Node<E> {
E item;
Node<E> next;
Node(E x) { item = x; }
}
/** The capacity bound, or Integer.MAX_VALUE if none */
private final int capacity;
/** Current number of elements */
private final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
/**
* Head of linked list.
* Invariant: head.item == null
*/
private transient Node<E> head;
/**
* Tail of linked list.
* Invariant: last.next == null
*/
private transient Node<E> last;
/** Lock held by take, poll, etc */
private final ReentrantLock takeLock = new ReentrantLock();
/** Wait queue for waiting takes */
private final Condition notEmpty = takeLock.newCondition();
/** Lock held by put, offer, etc */
private final ReentrantLock putLock = new ReentrantLock();
/** Wait queue for waiting puts */
private final Condition notFull = putLock.newCondition();
/**
* Signals a waiting take. Called only from put/offer (which do not
* otherwise ordinarily lock takeLock.)
*/
public LinkedBlockingQueue() {
this(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
/**
* Creates a {@code LinkedBlockingQueue} with the given (fixed) capacity.
*
* @param capacity the capacity of this queue
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code capacity} is not greater
* than zero
*/
public LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity) {
if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException();
this.capacity = capacity;
last = head = new Node<E>(null);
}
* LinkedBlockingQueue的创建可以指定容量大小,默认是Integer.MAX_VALUE,可以认为是*的
* 存放元素的结构,是以链表存放
* 生产者和消费者线程,持有的ReentrantLock是不同的,意味着生产者线程和消费者线程可以并行执行
,通过检查count,完成阻塞消费者或者生产者的动作
3.SynchronousQueue
和前面两种队列实现不同的,这个队列本身不会去存放元素,每一个put操作,必须等待另一个take操作,否则就不能继续添加元素
/**
* Creates a <tt>SynchronousQueue</tt> with nonfair access policy.
*/
public SynchronousQueue() {
this(false);
}
/**
* Creates a <tt>SynchronousQueue</tt> with the specified fairness policy.
*
* @param fair if true, waiting threads contend in FIFO order for
* access; otherwise the order is unspecified.
*/
public SynchronousQueue(boolean fair) {
transferer = fair ? new TransferQueue() : new TransferStack();
}
* 可以指定线程访问的策略,如果是true,按照先进先出来访问队列,否则就是非公平的,默认是非公平的
等待通知机制,自定义一个阻塞队列
使用数组实现一个阻塞队列 https://blog.csdn.net/ditto_zhou/article/details/77330733
使用阻塞队列来实现生产者消费模型
package com.ftf.thread.lock;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class ProductCustomerDemo {
private static AtomicInteger ai = new AtomicInteger();
public static void main(String[] args) {
final ArrayBlockingQueue<Integer> abq = new ArrayBlockingQueue<Integer>(10);
Thread product = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try {
int a = ai.incrementAndGet();
System.out.println("生产者生产数据:"+a);
abq.put(a);
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
Thread customer = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
while(true){
try {
int a = abq.take();
System.out.println("消费者取数据"+a);
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
});
product.start();
customer.start();
}
}
当达到容量上限制后,生产者停止生产数据,直到消费者消费,容量减少,继续生产,在非单个生产者-消费者模型中,不用担心出现线程假死的现象。