Oracle 10g的EXPDP与IMPDP的导出与导入测试

程序员文章站 2024-01-06 22:54:52

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通过DB_LINK的复制功能，利用expdp,impdp进行数据的远程备份及恢复。进行测试前，将服务器B上scott用户的dept,emp进行删除，本测

实验环境：

服务器A：172.21.1.30

服务器B：172.21.1.40

两台服务器上分别运行两套Oracle数据库，本实验以scott用户为例进行测试。

实验目的：

通过DB_LINK的复制功能，利用expdp,impdp进行数据的远程备份及恢复。进行测试前，将服务器B上scott用户的dept,emp进行删除，本测试只是使用impdp将服务器A数据库下scott用户的dept,emp表导入到服务器B数据库scott用户下。

操作步骤：

1.在服务器A，B上分别以sys身份登录数据库，并创建directory,db_link,命令如下：

session A: > create directory dp01 as '/bk/dp01';

Directory created.

session A: >create public database link ln_db40 connect to scott identified by tiger using 'ip40';

Database link created.

session A: >grant connect,resource,exp_full_database,imp_full_database to scott identified by tiger;

Grant succeeded.

session B: > create directory dp02 as '/bk/dp02';

Directory created.

session B: >create public database link ln_db30 connect to scott identified by tiger using 'ip30';

Database link created.

session B: >grant connect,resource,exp_full_database,imp_full_database to scott identified by tiger;

Grant succeeded.

2.在确认以上步骤中的db_link没问题后，做以下操作：

a. 服务器A：(将本地数据库中scott用户下的dept,emp两张表导出备份文件为exp01.dmp)

[oracle@session A: dp01]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dp01 dumpfile=exp01.dmp network_link=ln_db30 tables=emp,dept

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wednesday, 03 August, 2011 14:39:05

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": scott/********@ip30 directory=dp01 dumpfile=exp01.dmp network_link=ln_db30 tables=emp,dept
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 320 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
. . exported "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" 172.8 KB 1073 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.656 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 7.820 KB 14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/bk/dp01/exp01.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 14:39:37

[oracle@session A: dp01]$ ls

exp01.dmp export.log import.log

b. 将备份文件exp01.dmp从服务器A拷贝到服务器B：

[oracle@session A: dp01]$ scp –r exp01.dmp 172.21.1.40:/bk/dp02/

c.在服务器A上，执行以下命令，将dept,emp表导入到服务器B的scott用户下：

[oracle@session A: dp01]$ impdp scott/tiger@ip40 directory=dp02 dumpfile=exp01.dmp tables=emp,dept

Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wednesday, 03 August, 2011 14:34:57

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/********@ip40 directory=dp02 dumpfile=exp01.dmp tables=emp,dept
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.656 KB 4 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP" 7.820 KB 14 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:34:55

3.使用sys用户登录服务器A的数据库，进行测试，查看B的scott用户下的dept,emp表是否存在：

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

session A: > conn scott/tiger

Connected.

session A: > select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE

session A: > select * from tab@ln_db40;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE

由以上实验不难看出，表dept,emp已成功导入B的scott用户。

EXPDP 可以导出所有数据库的数据，只要它能连接到这个数据库，或者它登录的数据库
上能读取到被导出的库的数据，因为此时可以通过数据库链来读取被导出的库的数据。

如下测试：

可以分为三个服务器：A，B，，C，以下命令在A在执行：

[oracle@session A: dp01]$ expdp scott/tiger@ip40 directory=dp02 dumpfile=exp01.dmp network_link=ln_db50 tables=emp,dept

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wednesday, 03 August, 2011 14:39:05

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": scott/********@ip40 directory=dp02 dumpfile=exp01.dmp network_link=ln_db50 tables=emp,dept
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 320 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
. . exported "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" 172.8 KB 1073 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT" 5.656 KB 4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 7.820 KB 14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/bk/dp01/exp01.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 14:39:37

说明：

expdp 在服务器A上；

scott/tiger@ip40 连接到服务器B的数据库；

network_link=ln_db30 是服务器B的数据库中scott用户的数据库链，其指向服务器C的用户scott，
SCOTT10用户中只有两个表dept,emp.

从上面的操作可以看出：expdp 可以是客户端的程序，但它导出的数据（DMP）必须存放在它登录

的数据库的目录下（本例中，存放在机器B的数据库directory=dp02下），而被导出的数据是通过

数据库链(network_link)到机器C的数据库里读取的。

另外注意：在这过程中,A数据库用户scott和C数据库用户scott（或者数据库链中的用户）都必须被

授予EXP_FULL_DATABASE 权限。

nelwork_link意思是从本地数据库导入datafile直接到remote database,中间省略了exp的操作,

nelwork_link=source_database_link,确认nelwork_link参数是一个存在的目标数据库名称,同时

存在database link.

补充一下两个限制条件：

nelwork_link parameter Restrictions

Network imports do not support the use of evolved types.

a: When the NETWORK_LINK parameter is used in conjunction with the TABLES parameter,

only whole tables can be imported (not partitions of tables).

所以，当使用impdp导入时多张表时，如果添加network_link参数，就会报错如下：

UDI-00011: parameter dumpfile is incompatible with parameter network_link

b: If the USERID that is executing the import job has the IMP_FULL_DATABASE role on the

target database, then that user must also have the EXP_FULL_DATABASE role on the source

database.The only types of database links supported by Data Pump Import are: public,

fixed-user, and connected-user. Current-user database links are not supported.

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Oracle 10g的EXPDP与IMPDP的导出与导入测试